23. Describe differences between the sympathetic autonomous system and the paras

Question

23. Describe differences between the sympathetic autonomous system and the parasympathetic autonomous nervous system in terms of messengers used. 24. Describe the receptors involved in sympathetic autonomous system. 25. Describe the receptors involved in parasympathetic autonomous system. 26. Describe physiological differences between the sympathetic autonomous system and the parasympathetic autonomous nervous system 27. What is hydrocephalus? What are the consequences of increased intracranial pressure in

Explanation / Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

In sympathetic nervous system, the presynaptic sympathetic neurons release acetylcholine at synapses within the sympathetic ganglia. Acetylcholine is a chemical messenger that binds nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to the postsynaptic neurons. The postsynaptic neurons release norepinephrine in response to this stimulus. Prolonged activation of this stimulus response can trigger the release of adrenaline from the adrenal glands (specifically the adrenal medulla). Once released, norepinephrine and adrenaline bind to adrenergic receptors on various tissues, resulting in the characteristic effects of "fight-or-flight"

The following effects are seen as a result of activation of adrenergic receptors:

Parasympathetic nervous system

Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter to be released when ganglion is stimulated. Acetylcholine in turn acts on nicotinic receptors of postsynaptic neurons which then releases acetylcholine to stimulate the muscarinic receptors of the target organ.

The following effects are seen as a result of activation of the PNS:

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