SUMMARY OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES has many preperties favorable to life. These dapt
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SUMMARY OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES has many preperties favorable to life. These daptation for movement and the absity to arge surface aneas and countencurrent cinculation to obtain many elements and cempounds thart ane essential to e ion (Co, Key Terms Key Termsi Bicarbonate lon (NCO, "1 Carbonate 2. Aquatic animals and elants fece the challenge of water s challenge occurs because animal tissues are solute con 2.4 Temperature limits the occurrence of aquatic life. and salt balance. This becane ptmeraly hyperosmotk or hyposmotic compared to the solute con- Although warmer reactions ively high temperatures cause pr Key Terms: port, Active transport Solute Semipermeable membrane, Passive trans peratures also pove a chalenge, and many organisms living under use of glycoproteins and supercooling to prevent the harmful effects of ice crystals growing inside their cells. Organisms that ive under a wide range of temperatures often uve isozymes to permit proper physiological function at each temperature imosis osmotic potential, Osmoregulationmear freezing conditions have evolved adaptations that include the error of the memple standard deviation, Standard 23 The uptake of gases from water is limited by diffusion.p such as CO, and O Diffusion is rounded by a thin boundary can make it difficult for organisms to exchange ganes slowed because organiums are sur layer of unstimed water Although Co, dissolved gas or in the form Key Terms: Qe Thermophilik, Thermal pollution, Glycerol, Q lteins, Supercooling. Optimum Thermal optimum, hazymes can be abundant in water-elther as a Coral bleaching CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS . As water cools below 4"C it expands and becomes less dense. of natural selection favor the evolution of 6. How would the process Why is this beneficial to organisms living in a lake during a cold winter? increased salt tolerance during the decades that cold regions of the world have increased the use of road salt, which ultimately finds its way into streams and lakes? . Given that heat readiy transfers between an organism, body and water, what would you predict about the temperature of the boundary 7. Using your knowledge of how CO, dissolves and reacts in water decrease in the pH of ocean water an animal trying to get rid of CO,? layer around an animal's body compared to the temperature of the surrounding water in cold weatheri explain why global increases in atmospheric CO, should cause a 3. Based on the properties of water, why do non-polar compounds such as fats and oils not dissolve well in water? 8. How would counter-current selection in fish gills be beneficial for 4. In lakes around the world, some have thick deposits of limestone, 9. How might the use of isozymes permit an aquatic organism to which is made up of calclum carbonate, and are resistant to the effects of acid rain. What parallels can you draw between these lakes and the smokestack scrubbers being used in coal-powered factories? 5. Both saltwater and freshwater fish have adaptations to control the photosynthesis, why do scientists argue that global increases in Co, movement of water and salts across their external surfaces. Describe what would happen without these adaptations persist with a gradual increase in thermal pollution but not a rapid increase in thermal pollution? 10. If the algae that live in corals need Co, as a carbon source for are playing a role in the decline in coral reefs around the world? GRAPHING THE DATA Determining 01o Values in Salmon Salmon researchers measured the oxygen demands of fish across a range of different water ures. Using their data in the to Figur Temperature (C) Oxygen demand (mg O/kg/minute) ng table, and h temperature salmon between mon between 10 10 15 20 2.0 2.7 4.0 5.6Explanation / Answer
The icy waters of the Arctic annd Antarctic oceans have a great amount of marine life . For millions of years, these things are remain unchanged, making organisms living their to adapt themselves to these particular conditions.
But they do get some help from nature . All liquids have a boiling point where water boils at 100 degrees and a freezing point where it freezes at 0 degrees , when the outside temperature falls below the freezing point , lakes and rivers gets frozen.
However only the top layer of the lake or river freezes, Under the frozen upper layer, the water remains in its liquid form and does not freeze as oxygen is trapped beneath the layer of ice, so it is comfortable for organisms to live in frozen river and lakes.
Answer 2. Thermoregulation is the ability of an organisms, to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different.
A thermoconfirming organisms, simply adopts the surrounding temperature, as its own body temperature thus avoiding the need for internal thermoregulation.
Answer 3. Because water is polar and oil is non polar , their molecules are not attracted to each other
Lipid molecules like fat are non polar molecules which means their ends are not charged. Because they are non polar and water is polar, lipis are not soluble in water . That means the fat molecules and water molecules do not bond or share electrons in any way.
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