1. What are the four classifications of bioregulators. 2. Discuss the synthesis
ID: 145966 • Letter: 1
Question
1. What are the four classifications of bioregulators.
2. Discuss the synthesis and action of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine.
3. Discuss the synthesis and action of melatonin and serotonin.
4. Discuss the synthesis and general actions of protein bioregulators.
5. How do the receptors for protein hormones differ from steroid (lipid soluble) hormones?
6. What is the second messenger concept and what is meant by biological amplification?
7. What are the different types of cell membrane receptors and how do they transduce a signal on a target cell?
Explanation / Answer
1. First question is incomplete.
2.Synthesis of dopamine and other two- The direct precursor of dopamine is L-DOPA can be synthesize directly from the non essential amino acid tyrosine and indirectly from the essential amino acid phenylalanine.
Dopamine is the precursor in the synthesis of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Dopamine function as a neurotransmitter a chemical released by neurons to send signal to other nerve cells. Norepinephrine is released from sympathetic nervous system in response to stress. Epinephrine alsa called adrenaline cause increased heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, sugar metabolism in case of fear and anger.
3. Synthesis and action of melatonin and serotonin- Melatonin synthesized by essential amino acid tryptophan and it regulates day and night cycles in animal and human.
Serotonin synthesized by L-tryptophan in presence of enzyme and it is a neurotransmitter helps in the perception of resources avaibility.
4. Protein bioregulator maintains the strutural and funtional homeostasis of cell population.It also control gene expression and protein synthesis. It prevents various diseases and pathologies.
5. steriod hormone bind to the cell surface receptor to act as secondary messanger whereas peptide hormone mainly binds to the DNA in the nucleus to modify the transcription.
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