Define each term below for this Criminal Justice Study Guide: Math equation for

Question

Define each term below for this Criminal Justice Study Guide:

Math equation for Crime Rate # of Crimes/ Population x 100,000 = crime rate per 100K in US

# of Crimes/ State Population x 10,000 = crime rate per 10K in state

# of Crimes/ County Population x 1,000 = crime rate per 1K in county

3 levels of law enforcement (local, state, federal)

Irish System

Phases

Solitary

Mark System

Ticket of Leave

4 Levels of Prison Security (minimum, medium, maximum, ADMAX)

Philosophy for Probation

Why do we use Probation more often than incarceration?

Facts about Parole (success rates, etc…)

Juvenile Delinquents

Political Correct Terms

William Penn

Parole Eligibility

8 Index Crimes

Violent (Murder, Rape, Robbery, Aggravated Assault)

Property (Burglary, Larceny, Motor Vehicle Theft, Arson)

Explanation / Answer

(Answer)

Math equation for Crime Rate # of Crimes/ Population x 100,000 = crime rate per 100K in US ?

# of Crimes/ State Population x 10,000 = crime rate per 10K in state ?

# of Crimes/ County Population x 1,000 = crime rate per 1K in county? (I’m not entirely sure what you need me to answer about these formulas)

Local Law Enforcement: Is in charge of crimes committed within a town or city, local law enforcement has jurisdiction and will be in charge of the investigation.

State Law Enforcement: When individuals from multiple states are involved in a crime, the State Law Enforcement will be in charge.

Federal Law Enforcement: It is in charge of most law enforcement duties like investigation, detection, apprehension etc. at the federal level. It includes the United States Marshals Service (USMS), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), and others.

Irish System: A system of prison management developed for Ireland by Sir Walter Crofton and noted for its mark system and commutation of sentences, classification of prisoners, military discipline, trade and academic training, preparation for free self-control, and release under police supervision.

Phases: ?

Solitary: Solitary confinement refers to the act of being kept alone in a cell, without being able to see or speak to other prisoners. This is intended to influence the prisoner psychologically.

Mark System: Also known as the Irish system is defined above.

Ticket of leave: a document granting certain concessions, especially leave, to a prisoner or convict who had served part of their time. This is somewhat similar to a certificate of parole.

4 Levels of Prison Security (minimum, medium, maximum, ADMAX): The inmates are placed in different levels of prison security based upon their criminal and their history while incarcerated.

Minumum security prisons do not have much security and the inmates are allowed to move around a campus and even work in and around a designated area.

Medium security prisons have their inmates locked in cells. However, they are allowed to move outside the cells, attend programmes and other activities.

Maximum security is for criminal who have committed crimes like homicide

And such. It is a type of federal prison.

ADMAX: The United States Penitentiary, Administrative Maximum Facility (ADX) is an American federal supermax prison for male inmates located in Fremont County, Colorado. It houses the male inmates in the federal prison system, who are deemed the most dangerous and in need of the tightest control.

Philosophy for Probation: Probation is committed to reducing reoffending, managing the risk posed by offenders and promoting public safety in partnership with the community through the provision of appropriate advice and a robust system of enforcement and compliance with the orders of the court.

Why do we use Probation more often than incarceration?

Probation is a court-imposed sanction given in lieu of imprisonment rather than as a form of additional post-release supervision. Criminal justice reformers advocate that probation is a cheaper and more effective sanction than prison and should be used more often in order to bring down prison populations.

Facts about Parole:

Parole was first used in the United States in New York in 1876

In 1910 Congress established the U.S. Parole Commission and gave it the responsibility of evaluating and setting the release dates for federal prisoners.

It is less expensive to supervise a parolee than to incarcerate a prisoner.

A person on parole has an opportunity to contribute to society.

Although parole laws vary from state to state, there are some common practices.

In every year between 1990 and 2000, State prisoners released by a parole board had higher success rates than those released through mandatory parole. Among parole discharges in 2000, 54% of discretionary parolees were successful compared to 35% of those who had received mandatory parole.

Juvenile Delinquents: Minors between the ages of 10-18 who commit crimes are known as Juvenile Delinquents.

Political Correct Terms: Politically correct terms are words and terms used to avoid offense to any person or group of people.

William Penn: William Penn was the founder of the state of Pennsylvania

Parole Eligibility: Parole is granted to someone who has been serving a prison sentence. Parole is decided by a panel of prison officials. Probation can itself be the sentence for a crime, or it can be ordered to begin after the defendant has served a period of time in a county jail. Sentencing judges impose probation.

8 Index Crimes: Index crimes are the eight crimes the FBI combines to produce its annual crime index. These offenses include willful homicide, forcible rape, robbery, burglary, aggravated assault, larceny over $50, motor vehicle theft, and arson.

Violent (Murder, Rape, Robbery, Aggravated Assault): Violent crimes are those where the victim is physically harmed. These include crimes like murder, rape, aggravated assault etc.

Property (Burglary, Larceny, Motor Vehicle Theft, Arson): Laundering and theft of private or government possessions are known as property crimes.

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