You are working as a doctor in a general practise based in Coorparoo. A patient

Question

You are working as a doctor in a general practise based in Coorparoo. A patient you have been treating initially presented with symptoms of high blood pressure, a resting heart rate well above normal, and a feeling of breathlessness. You prescribed drugs to decrease their heart rate, but they are now showing signs of decreased kidney function. In order to successfully treat this patient, it is essential that you understand how the systems which are affected in your patient, integrate with each other.

: Recall and demonstrate your understanding of basic cellular events (e.g. release of hormones & neurotransmitters). Apply this understanding to the 4 biological systems covered (and others). Qualitatively describe the relationship between the 4 systems (e.g. cardiac output and kidney function). Visually depict those relationships using a concept map. Evaluate those relationships and explain a possible biological cause for the symptoms of your patient.

Explanation / Answer

The filtration takes place in the kidneys only. When the heart is not able to receive the blood from the tissues the kidneys get overloaded. this over load may not further purify in long run that results in kidney tissues damage due to toxins accumulation.

As the drugs eliminated through urine after glomerular filtration the blood will mix with drug, if the heart does not pump and receive blood well, the overloaded kidneys with toxins results in kidney tissue damage that further resulted in improper purification and end up with less urinary output due renal failure.

Drugs will also get eliminated through bile or stools so some toxic drugs like antibiotics may cause alter the other systems like gastro intestinal system.

Some conditions leading to hypertension include a reduction in functional kidney mass, excess aldosterone or angiotensin production, and increased resistance to blood flow in the renal arteries. All of these conditions raise the total blood volume that ultimately increases the cardiac output

if brain gets damages and if the patient is coma they develop high blood pressure, increased blood sugar levels and they prone to get multiple infections. these factors would also cause renal infection and renal failure.

For urinary tract infection due to clostridium bacteria they use antibiotics to eliminate that bacteria, at time few people these toxic elimination may end up with renal failure.

In this patient fault in cardiac output is resulting in increased heart rate and breathlessness. to prevent blood pressure we should advise less toxic drugs.

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