Soil Issues Soil is important part in the ecosystems. Climate change and anthrop

Question

Soil Issues Soil is important part in the ecosystems. Climate change and anthropogenic impact the soil by either modifying the quality of soil or losing it. Therefore, we need to understand how climate change and anthropogenic impact the respiration of soil, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil organic nitrogen (SON). I want you to do research and write about the following: 1. Literature reviews of issues above 2. Protocols and methods to study these types of issues. After looking at the literature reviews and what other researches have been done about this topic, and from your perspective what do you recommend about these issues? 4. References need to be written in the text and the end of the report

Explanation / Answer

1) Literature and reviews of the issue:

Climate change is documented as one of the chief factors causative to land degradation. Land degradation means decrease in the potential of the land to produce reimbursement from a particular land use under a particular form of land management and is measured to be one of the major problems of the world in recent times. Land degradation encompasses change in chemical, physical and biological property of the soil. Such a change in soil properties alter and reduce the soil ability to sustain a peculiar quality and quantity of plant growth. Soils are also critical to provisions security and change in climate has in danger the food security by affecting the soil property. Understanding of the effects are required to know how climate and soils interact and to understand changes in soil due to change in climate.

2) Methods and protocols to study these types of issues:

Area of investigation should be confirmed first. Precipitation data analysis should be done after that; time series analysis and geo-statistical spatial interpolation should also be done. Analysis of land use change, acquired for two different dates should be analyzed by the software ERDAS/IMAGINE version 8.6 and ArcView 3.2 with the Spatial Analyst extension. Intensive ground truthing (160 training areas). Inventory of the flora: based on the data of the investigation areas, as well as on various investigations on the soil of the areas by the team of the senior author. Life form analysis of the soil based on the inventory of permanent records.

3) recommendation about this issue and other researches:

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil biodiversity are commonly linked to three dimensions of food security: increases in food availability, restoration of productivity in degraded soils, and the resilience of food production systems.Soil C is not itself a direct control on food production but is a proxy for soil organic matter (SOM), which is one of the key attributes associated with many soil functions. Soil microbial C is normally included in aggregate measures of SOC, and soil microbes are a component of the soil organic matter; hence in terms of mass, SOC/SOM and soil microorganisms are directly related. The focus on SOC, rather than SOM, occurs because of the ease of measurement of C as a proxy for SOM, and because of the direct connection between SOC and atmospheric C.

Research in tropical and semi-tropical lands has established that inputs of organic material through the

Return of residues and manure to the soil are essential for fertility restoration in degraded soils, but that low residue production and competing uses for residues and manure limit the adoption of these SOC-aggrading approaches. Sustainable soil management that increases SOM levels will assist in maintaining productivity, but the specific measures taken to increase SOM must be locally developed.

4) References

Abe, K. & Ziemer, R.R.1991. Effects of tree roots on a shear zone: Modelling reinforced shear stress. Can. J.For. Res., 21: 1012–1019.

brahams, P.W. 2006. Soil, geography and human disease: A critical review of the importance of medical

cartography. Progress in Physical Geography, 30: 490-512.

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