Bureau of Child Welfare The number of adoptions has been declining over the past
ID: 1156334 • Letter: B
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Bureau of Child Welfare The number of adoptions has been declining over the past two years, and represents an increasingly smaller percentage of children in foster care. We've been emphasizing the importance of placing children in adoptive homes when the situation warrants such a move, so I'm uncertain as to why the private agencies, with which we contracted for the delivery of social services, are not making a greater effort to do so, The speaker was Henry Brown, Special Assistant to the Director of the Bureau of Child Welfare, who was evaluating the results of the Bureau's activities in its Adoption Program. As indicated in Exhibit 1, the city's child welfare system provided care and delivered services to some 29,000 children at any given time. Approximately 8,000- 10,000 children entered the system during the course of a year and slightly fewer were discharged, so that the total population increased gradually each year. Background Although the city was legally responsible for all children in its care, it had few pro- grams and facilities of its own. Thus, the vast majority of children actually were under the direct supervision of some 80 private (or voluntary, as they were sometimes called) child-care agencies. The great majority of these children in placement resided with individual families in foster homes; the remaining children were distributed among facilities such as institutions, group homes, maternity shelters, and so forth The private agencies were funded by the city according to a reimbursement formula that was designed to cover approximately 85 to 90 percent of their reimbursable costs. The reimbursement for ongoing programs, such as foster care, was on a per diem basis; that is, the agency received a predetermined amount per day for each child in care. The amount of payment varied according to the type of program (foster home, group home, institution, and so on). A variety of costs either were not reim- bursable or-as was the case with adoption-were reimbursed by means of a one time fee. Payments made to agencics, regardless of whether they were per diem or a one-time fee, came from the Charitable Institutions Budget and totaled some $400 milion per year. Children entered the child-care system for a variety of reasons. In some ins the child's parents made a request to the city because they were unable to provide adequate care in the home; in others the child for reasons such as neglect, abuse, delinquency, or potential delinquency. Although some children remained in care for only a few months, others remained in the system for several years, often until they reached the age of 21 and were no longer eligible for child welfare services. entered by means of a court mandate A variety of changes had taken place over the past 5 to 10 years which affected not only the relationship between the city and the agencies, but the whole pattern of ch?ld One such change was in the characteristics of the children in care. Between 1990 and 1996 the mix of children in the child-care system shifted rather dramatically, such proportionately more older children and more children who were in care because of their own emotional and bchavioral problems. As a result of this change, many agencies-and the city as well-had been left with inappropriate pro- grams and service-delivery capabilities; consequently many children were residing in that there were now programs that were not appropriate to their needs. Data Mr. Brown realized that several complications existed that impinged on his evaluation First, foster home care cost the city $48 a day, with payments made 365 days a year; this rate had remained unchanged for the full five years. The one-time adoption fee, y contrast, had risen from $1,600 in 1992 to $5,600 in 1996. Second, over 40 percent of all a ptive parents receive were "subsidized," that is, the d payments from the city of $5,760 per year. This percentage was up from only 1.1 percent in 1992 (see Exhibit 2)Explanation / Answer
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