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continuation of this long propblem

b) What technique did the material scientist likely use to determine the crystal structure and unit cell size of adamantium?

d) Would you expect to see more interstitial defects in simple cubic, body centered cubic, or hexagonal close packed crystals?

e) Would perfectly crystalline adamantium be brittle or ductile? Why?

f) From the comic books, we know that Wolverine’s indestructible adamantium is an alloy. Alloys help to ease lattice strain that results from dislocations, discouraging further movement of the dislocations. Does this increase or decrease overall material strength?

g) During normal function of the adamantium coatings (or any other real implant), would you expect slip to occur in the metal?

h)Consider the two adamantium metal samples shown below that have been processed differently, resulting in a difference in the size of the grains, all other things being equal (strain rate, dimensions, etc.).

hi) Which sample has the higher interfacial energy? Why?

hii) Which metal has higher yield strength? Why?

hiii) Which material has a higher elastic modulus? Why?

hiv) Which is more susceptible to corrosion?

i) Based on the fact that Wolverine has not experienced corrosion of the implanted metal,

ia) Would you hypothesize that adamantium is cathodic (inert) or anodic (active)?

ib) Based on your answer and the table below, give an approximate standard electrode potential for adamantium and show an electrode reaction for the fictional element. Assume adamantium has the chemical symbol ‘Ad’ and preferentially forms bivalent cations.

j) Instead of coating bones with adamantium, real metallic implants are often surface treated for optimal properties. What techniques could be used to surface coat an implant (during manufacturing)? Which technique is most favorable?

Explanation / Answer

b. X-ray diffraction is used to determine the crystal structure and unit cell size of the adamantium.

c. APF is the ratio of total sphere volume Vs to the unit cell volume VC.

For hexagonal closed packed structure, Vs= 6* (4R^3/3) = 8R^3

Now the unit cell volume= base area* cell height (c)

Base area= 6* the area of equilateral triangle of hexagonal

= 6*(1/2)*a*a*sin60°

=(33a^2)/2

Unit cell volume= (33a^2)*c/ 2

= (33 a^2)* 1.633a. (As c=1.633a)

= ((33)* (2R)^3 *1.633) / 2. (a=2R)

APF = Vs/ VC =0.74

d.if there is an unoccupied site in the crystal structure, interstitial defects appear. This defects is common in body centred cubic structure.

e. Perfectly crystalline adamantium is Brittle in nature because it is super hard and very strong, dense and depleted in uranium.

f. Higher applied stress is needed for dislocation. So it increases the material strength.

g. During normal function of coating slip cannot occur.

h.i. interfacial energy is the energy required to form a unit area of new surface at the interface. Here in the given fig, B has higher interfacial energy as it consists of more surfaces.

h.ii. among the two fig, A has higher yield strength because it has big grains.

h.iii.A has higher elastic modulus as the yield strength is higher here.

h.iv. B is the susceptible to corrosion.

I.a. adamantium is cathodic ( inert) based on the fact.

j. Among the surface treatment process and coating, electroplating is the most favorable technique.

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