2. Describe the difference between the Mercalli Scale and Richter Scale. 3. How

ID: 110350 • Letter: 2

Question

2. Describe the difference between the Mercalli Scale and Richter Scale. 3. How many times more ground shaking happens with a 6.0 earthquake over a 4.0 earthquake? 4. How many times more energy is release with a 6.0 over a 4.0 earthquake? Use your textbook and interactive lab lecture to answer the following questions in your own words. 1. In a concessional regime, would we find more normal or more reverse faults, and why. 2. Would we find normal faults n a compressional regime or tensional regime, and why? 3. Describe the differences between a normal fault and a reverse fault. 4. Describe the differences between anticlines and synclines. 5. Describe the difference in the rock unit age relationship between domes and basins. 6. Describe a strike slip fault. Provide an example of one. 7. Which of these structures are the result of brittle deformation? 8. Which of these structures are the result of ductile deformation? 9. Using the diagrams below, which of these are the result of ductile deformation? 10. Which of these diagrams are brittle deformation?

Explanation / Answer

Part 1.

2. Difference between Mercalli Scale and Richter Scale

Features

Mercalli Scale

Richter Scale

Measures

The effects caused by earthquake

The energy released by the earthquake

Measuring Tool

Observation

Seismograph

Calculation

Quantified from observation of effect on earth’s surface, human, objects and man-made structures

Base-10 logarithmic scale obtained by calculating logarithm of the amplitude of waves.

Scale

I (not felt) to XII (total destruction)

From 2.0 to 10.0+ (never recorded). A 3.0 earthquake is 10 times stronger than a 2.0 earthquake.

Consistency

Varies depending on distance from epicenter

Varies at different distances from the epicenter, but one value is given for the earthquake as a whole.

3. when 6.0 earth quake the gound shakes 100 times as hard as the 4.0 earth quake one.

4. When 6.0 earth quake the energy released is 1000 times more energy is released than the 4.0 earth quake

Part 2.

3. Difference between Normal Faults and Reverse Faults

Normal Faults and Reverse Faults are "Dip-Slip" Faults - they experience vertical movement, in line with the dip of the fault. They are identified by the relative movement of the Hanging Wall and Foot Wall.

In a Normal Fault, the hanging wall moves downwards relative to the foot wall. They are caused by extensional tectonics. This kind of faulting will cause the faulted section of rock to lengthen.

In a Reverse Fault, the hanging wall moves upwards relative to the foot wall. They are caused by compressional tectonics. This kind of faulting will cause the faulted section of rock to shorten.

4. Difference between Anticlines and Synicline

Anticlines

(i) The up fold or crest of the fold is called the anticline,

(ii) They form the top/peak of the mountain.

(iii) They are of a greater height.

Synclines

(i) The down fold or trough of the fold is called the syncline.

(ii) They form the valleys.

(iii) They have a greater depth.

5. Difference between rock unit age relationship between domes and basins

Domes:

Basins: