Especially number 2 and 3 please. 1) Recall: Cx (concentration) Px (partial pres

Question

Especially number 2 and 3 please.

1) Recall: Cx (concentration) Px (partial pressure) Sx (solubility) where solubility has units of (mol/L)/pressure which is equal to mol/(L * pressure) Coke8 is packaged at 2.4 atm of CO2 and roughly 25°C: the CO2 solubility in water at that temp is 0.0336 (mol/L) /atm- 0.0336 mol/(L *atm) So what is the CO2 content of per liter of coke? (4 points) a) b) in mol in mL CO2 (STP) 2) The barometric pressure on top of Mt. Everest is 250 mmHg. At an ambient temp of-30°C and 50% relative humidity, what is the PO2 a) in the atmospheric air and b) in the mammalian lung (assume that PCO2 is "normal"). Can ignore the RER for part (b). Early text books flatly stated no one would ever summit Everest without supplemental oxygen, now you see why. Reinhold Messner was the first to summit Everest with no supplemental oxygen in 1978. C) Should a person eat a diet of fat or carbohydrates on Everest? Explain why (with numbers!)** (5 points) a) b) c) 3) Lance Armstrong (fully doped) had a maximum oxygen consumption (3) of 5.5 liters O,/min. If during maximum exertion his arterial oxygen content is 20 ml/100 ml blood and his venous content is 2 ml/100ml blood, a) calculate his cardiac output. In mammals in general, blood volume is equal to 7% of body mass (assume one liter of blood weighs 1.0 kg). If he weighs 65kg b) during this maximum exertion how long will it take to circulate his entire blood volume (i.e., how long for heart to pump his blood volume once?) (3 points) Potentially useful information: PV - nRT, one mole of STP gas occupies 22.4L. Saturation water vapor at 37°C is 47 mmHg, at 25°C is 24 mmHg and at-30°C is 0.4 mmHg. Atmospheric air is 21%?2. Sea level barometric pressure (Pb) Is 760 mmHg ???? = 0.21 (R-47) _ Paco:RER (As arterial a zalveolar) Note RER - respiratory exchange ratio - CO2 produced / O2 consumed normal value: PaCO2-40 mmHg Fick equation: = COCa02-CK) where CO = cardiac output. **Use textbook RER values for fat: 0.7, Protein: 0.8 and Carbs: 1

Explanation / Answer

2)

a)

Oxygen constitutes 20.95% atmosphere. If pressure is 250mm Hg,

Then, partial pressure of oxygen = 250*20.95%

=52.4 mm Hg

50% relative humidity is there. So, partial pressure of water vapor = 250*50%

=12.5mm Hg

Partial pressure of oxygen in lung =52.4-12.5

=39.9mm Hg.

b)

PCO2 in mammalian lung is about 35 torr. Partial pressure of oxygen should always be higher than partial pressure of carbon-di-oxide. Although the difference is very less, still this condition is possible.

Supplemental oxygen will increase the amount of available oxygen. But under the above conditions, it is still possible to survive. Therefore, Messner' summit to Everest was possible.

c)

When one molecule of glucose (of 6 carbons) is burnt, 6 oxygens are used up producing about 36 ATP. So, production of one ATP molecule uses about 1/6 oxygen molecules.

When one molecule of fat is burnt, 8.5N-7 ATP molecules are produced, where N is the chain length. Let N be 6, then the amount of ATPs produced will be 44, which will utilize 7.3 molecules of oxygen. So, a 6C carbohydrate utilizes 6 molecules of oxygen; while a 6C fatty acid utilizes 7.3 (1.3 more) oxygen molecules.

Now, this simply proves that fat produces more energy than carbohydrates and will therefore use more oxygen than carbohydrates at a time. Therefore, a person should eat carbohydrate diet on Everest.

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