Define \"functional group\" and \"mechanism\". See pages G-10 and G-13. Memonze

Question

Define "functional group" and "mechanism". See pages G-10 and G-13. Memonze Table 4.1 (4,1,4,2) Given the formula of an alkyl halide, write is functional class name and its substitutional name (4,3,4,3,2,5) Given the formula of an alcohol, write is functional class name and its substitutional name. (4,4,4.27) Classify an alcohol or an alkyl halide as primary, secondary, or tertiary. (4.5) Draw a structural formula of an alcohol or alkyl halide showing its bond polarity and dipole moment. (4,6) Explain why alkyl halides have higher boiling points than alkanes with similar molecular weight. Describe H-bonding, including atoms which form H-bonds, and its effect on physical properties.(4,7) Describe H-bonding, including atoms which form H-bonds, and its effect on physical properties. (4.7). Define 'potarizability' and explain factors which affect the polarizability of an atom. See page G -16. Explain why alcohols are more soluble in water than alkyl halides containing similar numbers of carbon atoms. Explain why water solubility of alcohols decreases as the number carbons atoms increases Describe trends of density of alkyl halides, H-X, as X changes from F to CI to Br to I. Write the equation for the preparation of an alkyl halide from an alcohol and a hydrogen halide. (4,8) Explain the relative reactivates of HF, HBr, and HI with a given alcohol. Explain the relative reactivates of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols with a given alkyl halide. (4,41 a, c, e, g) List and describe the three steps in the mechanism for the reaction of an alcohol with an alkyl halide, using curved arrows to show the electron flow. (4.9).

Explanation / Answer

10. Due to hydrogen bonding between alcohol and water, solubility of alcohols are more in water. Also like dissolve like means polar dissolves polar.

11. As number of carbon increases hydrophobicity increases means compound becomes more non polar so water solubility of alcolhol decreases as number of carbon increases.

12. Density will increase from F to Br to Ci to I.

14. HI is most reactive then HBr then HCl then HF. It is so because as size of counter anion increases it will disscociate easily and form most stable conjugate base.

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