1. Describe and illustrate the process associated with the main functions of nuc
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Question
1. Describe and illustrate the process associated with the main functions of nuclear DNA. 2. What is DNAs function when transmitting genetic info via replication and mitosis? 3. What is DNAs function when transmitting reshuffled genetic information to new generations via replication, meiosis, and sexual reproduction ?1. Describe and illustrate the process associated with the main functions of nuclear DNA. 2. What is DNAs function when transmitting genetic info via replication and mitosis? 3. What is DNAs function when transmitting reshuffled genetic information to new generations via replication, meiosis, and sexual reproduction ?
1. Describe and illustrate the process associated with the main functions of nuclear DNA. 2. What is DNAs function when transmitting genetic info via replication and mitosis? 3. What is DNAs function when transmitting reshuffled genetic information to new generations via replication, meiosis, and sexual reproduction ?
Explanation / Answer
1) The nuclear DNA has the following functions-
Role in passing characteristics from one generation to another during formation of gametes and their successive fertilization and the production of clones with same genotype as parents during asexual reproduction.
DNA polymers express the production of other polymers called proteins.
A chromosome consists of smaller segments called genes.
DNA has a primarily reproductive role. It consists of Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine. It is disquieted with the passing of genetic characters from parent to child. The DNA doesn't manage the working of the cell, but it manages the functionality of the organism as a whole. Characteristics such as intelligence, strength, immunity to disease, etc, are passed on genetically.
2)Replication declares that every cell has a complete set of identical, genetic information and make a copy of the DNA ,so it can be passed to the new cell. A new strand of DNA can be synthesized when the other strand is a template to direct this process. Every time the organize of the bases is preserved and DNA can be exactly replicated over and over again.
During mitosis, a cell undergoes a carefully organized nuclear division which effects in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells. Mitosis make sure that each successive cellular generation has the same genetic composition as the earlier generation or the same chromosome set. This process involves replication of the cell's chromosomes, segregation of the copied DNA, and splitting of the parent cell's cytoplasm. The outcome of binary fission is two new cells which are like to the original cell.DNA is replicated by DNA replication in the cell during Mitosis. Some of the DNA is from the parent cell, and some of the DNA is created by the new daughter cell, creating genetic variation and passing on genetic information from offspring to offspring.
Majority of DNA be present in chromosomes. One chromosome contains one long linear DNA molecule. Genetic information is store up in DNA within the nucleus, in the arrangement of chromosome. This information needs to be replicated exactly and transmitted into next generation. Genetic transmission from cell to cell by the process of mitosis, whereby DNA is replicated and chromosome duplicates and then segregates evenly into two daughter cells.
3)DNA also replicates in the process of meiosis, which happens before gametes are produced, but only half the normal number of chromosomes and hence genes, and DNA are share out to each gamete. The sharing process in halving the number of chromosomes move quickly which introduce variation, so each gamete has a unique DNA content. DNA built into the nucleus of a gamete may also be changed due to a random event called a mutation, which prevents the normal activity of a gene inside cells. In this way a different form of the gene allele , is produced, and will passed on to the next generation. Because each chromosome usually has a partner in the nucleus, the effect of a mutant allele may unknown by the DNA of a normal allele of that gene which produces a normal characteristic.
Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, it takes place in all types of cells which are not involved in the production of gametes. In each mitotic division, a copy of every chromosome is generated thus a complete set of chromosomes is found in the nucleus of each new cell. Each successive duplicate cell will have the same genetic composition as its parent, due to the inheritance of the same chromosome set. The genes have in the duplicate chromosomes are transferred to each successive cellular generation so, all mitotic progeny are genetically similar.
Genetic information is carried in the linear sequence of nucleotides in DNA. Duplication of the genetic information occurs by the use of one DNA strand as a template for formation of a complementary strand. The genetic information stored in an organism's DNA contains the instructions for all the proteins the organism will ever synthesize.Genetic information is passed from generation to generation, involves coordinated movements of a cell's DNA. This describes the major phases of meiosis, a version of cell division which occurs in cells proposed to play a role in sexual reproduction.
Meiosis is the specialized process by which germ cells divide to produce gametes, Because the chromosome number of a species remains the same from one generation to the next, the chromosome number of germ cells must be reduced by half during meiosis. To complete meiosis, unlike mitosis, involves a single round of DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division . Meiosis also differs from mitosis in which it involves a process known as recombination, during which chromosomes exchange segments with one another. thus, the gametes produced during meiosis are genetically unique.
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