answer all parts please.. Which of the following would be expected in a patient
ID: 98907 • Letter: A
Question
answer all parts please..
Which of the following would be expected in a patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Increased synthesis of ADH in the paraventricular nucleus
Decreased renin secretion
Decreased drinking
Decreased plasma osmolality
3. A patient has the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion due to carcinoma of the lung. This patient also drinks greater than normal amounts of water. You would expect
A. Increased ADH secretion from the pituitary gland
B. A large decrease in plasma osmolality
C. Increased renin secretion
D. An inappropriately low urine osmolality relative to plasma osmolality
4. Vasopressin/desmopressin can be administered in which of the following ways?
A. INTANASALLY
B. INTRAMUSCULARLY
C. SUBCUTANEOUSLY
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
5. MAGNOCELLULAR NEURONS INCLUDE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
a. pvn
b. son
c. hypothalamic cell bodies
d. both a and b
e. all of the above
6. ANF
a. increases plasma sodium levels
b. decreases plasma sodium levels
c. in synthesized in the kidney
d. is lipid soluble
e. both b and d
7. Which of the following is a secondary secretagogue for the release of aldosterone ?
a. angiotensinogen
b. atrial natriuretic peptide
c. angiotensin
d. none of the above
8. The thirst center is located in
a. hypothalamus
b. posterior pituitary gland
c. medulla
d. basal ganglion
9. In response to hemorrhage,
a, renin levels increase
b. renin levels decrease
c. aldosterone levels decrease
d. none of the above
10. Whish of the following is a stimulus for the release of ADH ?
a. stress
b. hypervolemia
c. hypoosmolarity
d. hypertension
11. A G protein has how many subunits ?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
12. Which of the following might be an indication of dehydration in the elderly?
a. alterations in LOC
b. impaired glucose metabolism
c. increased falls
d. both a and c
Explanation / Answer
Answer 2.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a kidney related problem. In this, the kidney’s become irresponsive to Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH); however, the hormone is produced. So, a lot of water is lost from the body; excess urination.
Renin is an enzyme which increases the secretion of ADH. So, in this case enhanced renin secretion will be there.
Also note that plasma osmolality increases with dehydration; and this is a condition of dehydration of the body.
So, the correct answer is “Increased synthesis of ADH in the paraventricular nucleus”
Answer 3.
If a person drinks excess water, then this excess water need to be removed from the body via urination. In these conditions, ADH secretion is reduced under normal conditions (option ‘A’ is incorrect).
In Answer 2, I have explained that “plasma osmolality increases with dehydration.” So, in this case also, there will be increase in plasma osmolality (option ‘B’ is incorrect).
Renin-angiotensin system will be reduced. So, there will be decreased renin secretion (option ‘C’ is incorrect).
When excess urine exits from the body, it is more watery than normal urine. So, osmolality of urine will be low in comparison to osmolality of plasma (option ‘D’ is correct).
Answer 4.
Vasopressin can be administered intranasal, subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Intranasally, it can be administered in the form of a spray. Subcutaneous and intramuscular mode of administration is via injection.
So, option ‘d’ is the correct answer.
Answer 5.
Option ‘d’ is the correct answer. Please note that “MAGNOCELLULAR NEURONS” are large neuro-endocrine cells. They are present in supra-optic nucleus (son) and paraventricular nucleus (pvn) of the hypothalamus.
*** Please post rest of the questions separately.
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