2. Huntington\'s disease (HD) is a progressive, degenerative condition causing u

Question

2. Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, degenerative condition causing uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual faculties, and emotional disturbance. HD symptoms develop in middle age. HD is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene (HTT) located on chromosome 4. It is a dominant disease. a. What kind of macromolecule is HTT (the huntingtin gene)? b. What are the monomers that make up the macromolecule you listed in part a? c. What are the major components that make up the basic structure of the monomers you listed in part b? d. The gene for huntingtin (HTT) is 171,268 nucleotides long; the HTT mRNA that is translated in the cytoplasm is 13481nucleotides long; and the huntingtin protein is 3142 amino acids long. List the reasons why ene int

Explanation / Answer

2.

a.The macromolecule is a protein known as Huntingtin protein.

b.The monomers would be aminoacids.

c.The major components are: A  carbon atom (the carbon) at the center attached to a hydrogen atom,a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a specific side chain.

d.The reason is that the mRNA undergoes splicing mechanism during which the non coding regions known as introns that have been transcribed during transcription are removed from the mRNA as its is exported from nucleus to cytoplasm for translation.

e.The mRNA undergoes post transcriptional modifications such as addition of a cap at 5'end and a polyA tail at the 3'end that makes it have an increased number of nucleotides.

f.The nucleotide sequence would be:

5' t t g c t g t g t g 3'

g. mRNA will be : 3'a a c g a c a c a c 5'

h. First aminoacids would be :Histidine , Threonine , Alanine ( Read from 5'to 3'end of mRNA).   

i.Anticodon would be : g u g , u g u , c g u ( from 5' to 3' end)

j.As a result of this mutation, abnormally long form of huntingtin protein is formed. The long protein is cut into small fragments that are often toxic and bind to neurons and prevent their normal functioning.This affects the brain activity in terms of coordination,thinking and emotions.

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