Which of the following is true about fatty acid \"activation\"? A. The hydrolysi

Question

Which of the following is true about fatty acid "activation"? A. The hydrolysis of ATP in fatty acid activation is somewhat analogous to the use of ATP in steps 1 and 3 of glycolysis. B. In fatty acid activation, one (and only one) ATP equivalent is used. C. In fatty acid activation, unsaturated fatty acids are converted to saturated fatty acids. D. All of the above are true. Which of the following is FALSE about ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids? A. Some amino acids are both ketogenic and glucogenic. B. The carbon skeleton of a ketogenic amino acid can be used for lipid also could be used catabolically under other physiological conditions. C. The carbon skeleton of a glucogenic amino acid cannot under any conditions be used catabolically for production of ATP. D. Ala is a glucogenic (and not ketogenic) amino acid. E. All of the above are false statements. Which of the following is a committed step in a pathway? A. Reaction 3 of glycolysis (the phosphofructokinase step) B. Malonyl-CoA synthesis in the fatty acid synthesis pathway C. Mevalonate synthesis in the cholesterol synthesis pathway D. All of the above Which is true about ketone bodies? A. According to your text, they are used as fuels in normal metabolism (for ATP production) in some organs, and can also be indicators of abnormal metabolism. B. All three ketone bodies contain a ketone functional group. C. Two of the ketone bodies are produced in non-enzymatic reactions. D. All of the above. Which of the following is a sequence of reaction types (in order) in fatty acid synthesis? A. reduction, reduction, dehydration B. reduction, dehydration, reduction C. dehydration, reduction, reduction D. dehydration, reduction, dehydration Which of the following amino acid is both ketogenic and glucogenic? A. Ala B. Asn C. lle D. Pro E. Leu

Explanation / Answer

22. D) All of the above. ( Explanation - An irreversible enzymatic reaction in a biological pathway that is unique to that pathway is the committed step of a biosynthesis process. This results in the molecules where they are committed to the pathway and will eventually end up in its final products.)

24. B) reduction, dehydration, reduction

25. C) Ile (explanation - Ile i.e Isoleucine is both ketogenic and glucogenic in nature. Products of such amino acids can form glucose while others acetyl CoA. So they are both glucogenic and ketogenic.)

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