1. Define reduction and give an example of reduction. 2. Define oxidation and gi

Question

1. Define reduction and give an example of reduction. 2. Define oxidation and give an example of oxidation. 3. In the following reaction, Mg)HCleMg )+2 CrHag), which is the reducing agent and which is the oxidizing agent? 4. Using a reference book, what is the order of activity for the following metals: Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Hg, Ag, Na, Sn, and Zn? You are doing a study of activity of the following nonmetals: F, CI, Br, and I. Explain how you can use displacement reactions to determine their order of activity 5. 6. Having the following oxides: Cuo, Ag,0, and Mgo, outline a procedure by which you could demonstrate which is the most to least active of these metals, Cu, Ag and Mg. 63

Explanation / Answer

1. Oxidation is a process of addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen.

Reduction is the process of removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen.

Electronic concept of Oxidation and Reduction:

Oxidation is a process in which an atom or group of atoms taking part in chemical reaction loses one or more electrons. Loss of electrons results in the increase of positive charge or decrease in negative charge of the species.
For example:
                        Na Na+ + e- (increase of positive charge)

The species which undergo the loss of electrons during the reactions are called reducing agent.

Ex: Na

2. Reduction

It is a process in which an atom or group of atoms taking part in a chemical reaction gains one or more electrons. The gain of electrons results in the decrease of positive charge or increase in negative charge of the species.
For example:
MnO4 + e MnO42 (increase in negative charge)

The species which undergo gain of electrons during the reactions are called oxidizing agent.

Ex: MnO4

3. In the given reaction Mg is the reducing agent and HCl is the oxidizing agent.

4. The order of activity of given metals is:

Na>Ca>Mg>Al>Zn>Fe>Sn>Cu>Hg>Ag.

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