A system goes from state 1 to state 2 and back to state i. What is the relations

Question

A system goes from state 1 to state 2 and back to state i. What is the relationship between the value of delta E for going from state 1 to state 2 to that for going from state 2 back to state 1? Without further information, can you conclude anything about the amount of heat transferred to the system as it goes from state 1 to state 2 as compared to that upon going from state 2 back to state 1? Suppose the changes in state are reversible processes. Can you conclude anything about the work done by the system upon going from state 1 to state 2 as compared to that upon going from state 2 back to state 1?

Explanation / Answer

(a)

Internal energy is a state function which is a quantity that depends only on the present state of the system, not the way or path of the state.

In cyclic process dE for 1 to state 2 and 2 to state 1 are equal

dE1 = dE2

dE2 – dE1 = 0

dE=0

Thus there is not change in internal energy.

(b)

In cyclic process , we conclude only the change of internal energy of both paths which are equal in amount but opposite in sign.

(c)

Work in reversible process can be calculate by the following expression :

dW = -PdV

dW = -2.303 nRT log P1/P2

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