1. An alum is a double salt consisting of a monovalent cation, a trivalent catio

Question

1. An alum is a double salt consisting of a monovalent cation, a trivalent cation, and two sulfate ions with 12 waters of hydration (waters of crystallization) as part of the crystalline structure. a. Are the 12 waters of hydration used to calculate the theoretical yield of the alum? Explain. b. The 12 waters of hydration are hydrated (strongly attracted) to the metal ions in the crystalline alum structure. Are the water molecules more strongly hydrated to the monovalent cation of the trivalent cation? Explain c. What might you expect to happen to the alum if it were heated to a high temperature? Explain

Explanation / Answer

(a) in theoretical yield calculation water of hydrations are not considered. They are loosely bound and their number can varry.

(b) water molecules are more strongly hydrated to trivalent ion due to more +ve ion density arround the metal ion.

(c) If alum is heated to a hygh temperature the water molecules will be released to give the anhydrous compound

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