1. Oxidative Phosphorylation and the electron transport chain (ETC) a. How are H
ID: 93461 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Oxidative Phosphorylation and the electron transport chain (ETC)
a. How are H+ being pumped across the inner membrane?
b. Why is the proton gradient important in oxidative phosphorylation?
c. What are the mobile carriers (ubiquinone and cytochrome c) in the ETC doing?
d. What is meant that with the subsequent proteins in the ETC, each has a greater redox potential?
e. From where are the H+ ions coming from which are being pumped across the inner mitochondrial eemembrane?
f. Where would the enzymes for citric acid cycle be found?
g. Where are the protein complexes for the electron transport chain found?
Explanation / Answer
Oxidative phosphorylation is the metabolic pathway in which cells oxidize nutrients to release energy in the form of ATP that is used for various cellular activities. This pathway uses enzymes as catalysts. During the process electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen in reactions called as redox reactions. This pathway is called Electron transport chain because the electrons released during the reactions are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane causing an electrical potential across the membrane which allows for back flow of protons across the membrane and forms a chain. This proton movement is catalysed by ATP synthase.
a. Through the proton motive force created by the gconcentration gradient across the membrane. This is catalysed by ATP synthase.ATP synthase undergoes spatial change when H+ ions attach to it and dragging the H= ions into the inner membrane.
b. Proton gradient is important in oxidative phosphorylation becasue the energy derived from this is used to makeor synthesize ATP.
c)Ubiquinone and Cytochorme C are the mobile electron carriers in ETC. Mobility of the electron carriers are very important as they allow for a sequential flow of electrons from one to another.
d)Due to the tranfer of electrons from one carrier to another the redox potential of the subsequent proteins in the ETC progressively increases.
e)H+ ions are coming from NADH which is from sugar breakdown.
f)inside the Mitochonrial matrix complex.
g) in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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