Humans have a relatively slow reproductive rate initiated only in multiple years

Question

Humans have a relatively slow reproductive rate initiated only in multiple years. Attacking antigens have much shorter reproduction cycles sometimes in days or hours. To survive, humans have had to evolve a set of protective processes and reproductive durations of roughly the same shortened order, to be able to compete with antigen attacks.

Non-Specific(or Innate) processes, and Specific (adaptive) processes have evolved, and continue to evolve, to protect us. Seek to understand active and passive immunity and immunizations; note inflammation processes, and immediate or delayed Hypersensitivity; note the placement of Germinal Centers and the uses of Phagocytes and B- & T- Lymphocytes, etc.

Write a description of a “primary response” and a “secondary response” to antigen exposure, including the short, and longer, term effects of each as a protective measure for the living organism.

Explanation / Answer

Primary immune response takes place on the first exposure to an antigen, due to which specific antibodies produce in the blood after some days.

“Secondary response” or second and subsequent exposures to an antigen works faster and stronger. “Secondary response” has shorter lag time compared to the primary immune response. If pathogens successfully evade from the Primary immune response or Innate immune systems then Secondary response occurs. They both are able to recognize the self and non-self molecules, non-self molecules are called antigens. Adaptive immune systems produce T and B cells,they are first activated by a pathogen, memory B-cells and T- cells develop. Memory cells and antibodies kills the antigen.

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