Describe the structure, composition and functions of the following parts/organel
ID: 92508 • Letter: D
Question
Describe the structure, composition and functions of the following parts/organelles (and processes) of a eucaryotic cell a. Flagella and cilia b. Cell wall and Glycocalyx c. Plasma membrane phagocytosis: pinocytosis d. Cytoplasm cytoskeleton. cytoplasmic streaming c. Nucleus f. Endoplasmic reticulum g. Ribosomes h. Golgi apparatus I. Mitochondria j. Chloroplast k. Lysosomes l. Centrioles What is sporulation or sporogenesis? How does it take place in a bacterial cell (discuss the steps involved in this process)? Describe the three (3) types of osmotic solutions into which a bacterial cell may be subjected Indicate what happens to the cell after its immersion in each of the solutions.Explanation / Answer
A) flagella and cillia
structure
flagellum
it is a lash like structure that protudes out of the body of certain eukaryotic organism.
it is like a tail the cell.
composition
in becteria it is made of protein.
it is a 20nm thick wall hollow tube.
function
its primary function is locomotion i.e it provides locomotion to the organism.
means organism used to locomote with the help of flagella.
cillia
STRUCTURE
it is a slender protuberance (hair like structure) that project out off the cell body.
composition
it is make up off group of organism called undulipodia.
its composition is similar to flagella.
function
its main function is provide locomotion to the cell or oganism.
sometimes it also helps to take food inside the body.
B) cell wall
it is structured layer surrounding some cells(plant cells).
it is situated outside the cell membrane.
basically it covers the cell.
it can be tough , flexible and sometimes rigid.
composition
in land plants it is made up of polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin.
often other polymers such as lignin, suberin and cutin are also present.
function
it prevents over expansion of cell when water enters inside the cell.
it also provide structural support, protection and also act as a filtering machenism.
glycocalyx
it is also kind of cell wall and covers the cell membrane of some bacteria epithelia etc.
composition
it consist of gycoprotein, glycolipid, and carbohydrate.
function
it provides immunity to infection, protection to cell.
it also helps to bind cells together.
C ) plasma membrane
structure and composition
it is a biological membrane that saperates internal and external environment of the cell.
it is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules.
it consist of lipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
function
it controls the movement of substance in and out of the cell.
its basic function is to protect the cell from the surrounding.
PHAGOCYTOSIS ; the eating of bacteria or other substance by a phygocytes(cells that eats the foriegner body) to protect the the cell.
PINOCYTOSIS : the drinking of liquid into the cell by the forming of small vesicles from the cell membrane.
D ) cytoplasm
structure and composition
it is a jelly like material that are present inside the cell.
it is madeup of cytosol(gel like substance)
functions
it provides platform for most of the cellular processes (glycolysis)
it also helps in division of cell.
it also maintains the position of cell orgenelles inside the cell.
CYTOSKELETON : it is a skeleton of interior environment of cell.
cytoskeleton is made up of microtubules, actin filament, and some intermediate filament.
it provides structural shape to the cell , and also helps to organise the cell orgenelles.
it provide basis for cell division.
CYTOPLASMIC STREAMING : it is a movement of fluid material in the cell.
this movement transports nutrients, proteins, and orgenelles.
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