DNA controls the cell by transmitting genetic messages that result in protein pr
ID: 92405 • Letter: D
Question
DNA controls the cell by transmitting genetic messages that result in protein production. Place the following organelles and molecules in the order that represent the flow of genetic information from the DNA to the generation of a protein that is destined to be secreted out of the cell and please give a brief description of the function of each organelle or molecule. DNA, RNA, nuclear pores, plasma membrane, rough ER, nucleus, ribosomes, trans side of golgi complex, cis side of golgi complex, smooth ER, golgi vesicles. Also, include what happens in each organelle and describe and name the process that excretes the protein from the cell.Explanation / Answer
The order of organelles with their role is as follows:
DNA: DNA is the genetic material which store the genetic information inthe form of genetic code. It is composed of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
RNA: DNA passes their genetic information to the mRNA through the process of transcription. m-RNA possesses the informatin in the form of codon.
Nucleus: The transcription process takes place in the nucleus. Once the mRNA molecule is transcribed, it is fitted with a poly-A tail, and a 5' cap is added to the molecule, which allows it to leave the nucleus.
Nuclear pores: The m-RNA comes out from the nucleus through nuclear pore. Nuclear pore complexes allow the transport of m-RNA molecules across the nuclear envelope.
Ribosomes: m-RNA leaves the nucleus, goes to the cytoplasm, binds to a ribosome to be read. Ribosome act as a platform for the protein synthesis.
Rough ER: Once the ribosomes synthesizing these proteins become bound to the rough ER, the proteins enter or cross the ER membrane cotranslationally—that is, during their synthesis.
Smooth ER: Many protein after rough ER become localized to the plasma membrane or membranes of the smooth ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes, or endosomes.
Cis-side of golgi complex: Secretory Proteins Move from the Rough ER Lumen through the cis-side of Golgi Complex.
Trans side of golgi complex: A new cis-Golgi stack with its cargo of luminal protein physically moves from the cis position (nearest the ER) to the trans position (farthest from the ER), successively becoming first a medial-Golgi cisterna and then a trans-Golgi cisterna.
Golgi vesicles: The secretion of a specific set of proteins is not continuous; these proteins are sorted in the trans-Golgi network into secretory vesicles that are stored inside the cell awaiting a stimulus for exocytosis.
Plasma membrane: Finally proteins moves out through plasma membrane by the process of exocytosis.
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