Summarize the differences between the four Eukaryotic Kingdoms into a table. You

Question

Summarize the differences between the four Eukaryotic Kingdoms into a table. Your chart must have a fully descriptive title. One is not included here as you should create your own. Kingdom Protista can be considered a representation of what a complete answer could look like.

Kingdom Protista*

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Animalia

Cell Structure

-may be animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like;
- some may have flagella constructed differently from the other kingdoms;
- the cells may have specialized organelles for life processes, eg. for osmoregulation (water balance);
- cell walls may have compositions that differ from the other Kingdoms;

Major Mode of Nutrition

- may be autotrophic (photosynthetic) producers;
- may be heterotrophic consumers with internal digestion (in vacuoles) or simple absorption;
- may have more than one mode depending on environment

Cell Number

- most are single-celled, but may be multicellular
- some are colonial aggregates of cells;

Motility

- may move by use of cilia or flagella
- may have cellular structure that hold air so that they can stay near the surface of water for photosynthetic activity

Reproduction

- mitosis or binary fission
- conjugation (exchange of genetic information via micronuclei only – NOT considered sexual reproduction) – eg. paramecium;
- may require a host to reproduce
- may produce spores and or gametes for sexual reproduction (eg. algae)

Niche

- may be producers, consumers, or decomposers;
- may be beneficial or harmful;
- may be parasitic or pathogenic;
- usually found in aquatic environments (ponds, streams, lakes, oceans);
- may be found in damp soil or r decomposing organic matter

Sample Organisms

Euglena
Paramecium
Algae (brown, red, green...)
Water mold
Amoeba

Kingdom Protista*

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Animalia

Cell Structure

-may be animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like;
- some may have flagella constructed differently from the other kingdoms;
- the cells may have specialized organelles for life processes, eg. for osmoregulation (water balance);
- cell walls may have compositions that differ from the other Kingdoms;

Major Mode of Nutrition

- may be autotrophic (photosynthetic) producers;
- may be heterotrophic consumers with internal digestion (in vacuoles) or simple absorption;
- may have more than one mode depending on environment

Cell Number

- most are single-celled, but may be multicellular
- some are colonial aggregates of cells;

Motility

- may move by use of cilia or flagella
- may have cellular structure that hold air so that they can stay near the surface of water for photosynthetic activity

Reproduction

- mitosis or binary fission
- conjugation (exchange of genetic information via micronuclei only – NOT considered sexual reproduction) – eg. paramecium;
- may require a host to reproduce
- may produce spores and or gametes for sexual reproduction (eg. algae)

Niche

- may be producers, consumers, or decomposers;
- may be beneficial or harmful;
- may be parasitic or pathogenic;
- usually found in aquatic environments (ponds, streams, lakes, oceans);
- may be found in damp soil or r decomposing organic matter

Sample Organisms

Euglena
Paramecium
Algae (brown, red, green...)
Water mold
Amoeba

Explanation / Answer

- cells have thick cell wall

- cells contain specialised structures known as chloroplasts

- fungi are eukaryotes

- cell wall lacks cellulose

- some of the fungi contain flagellum

- specialised organelles are hyphae and chitosomes

- animal cell wall lacks cell wall

- plasma membrane is made of lipid bilayer

- DNA is present inside nucleus

- majority are autotrophic

- involved in photosynthesis

- mostly sexual reproduction

- reproduction by budding seen in some lower animals

- consumers

- involved in decomposition of organic matter

Pistia

Neem

Coconut tree

Yeast

Rhizopus

Candida

Humans

Rabbit

Lion

Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Cell Structure -may be animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like;
- some may have flagella constructed differently from the other kingdoms;
- the cells may have specialized organelles for life processes, eg. for osmoregulation (water balance);
- cell walls may have compositions that differ from the other Kingdoms;

- cells have thick cell wall

- cells contain specialised structures known as chloroplasts

- fungi are eukaryotes

- cell wall lacks cellulose

- some of the fungi contain flagellum

- specialised organelles are hyphae and chitosomes

- animal cell wall lacks cell wall

- plasma membrane is made of lipid bilayer

- DNA is present inside nucleus

Major Mode of Nutrition - may be autotrophic (photosynthetic) producers;
- may be heterotrophic consumers with internal digestion (in vacuoles) or simple absorption;
- may have more than one mode depending on environment

- majority are autotrophic

- involved in photosynthesis

- fungi are heterotrophic - animals are heterotrophs Cell Number - most are single-celled, but may be multicellular
- some are colonial aggregates of cells; - multicellular - both unicellular and multicellular - mostly multicellular Motility - may move by use of cilia or flagella
- may have cellular structure that hold air so that they can stay near the surface of water for photosynthetic activity - non motile - non motile - animals move with the help of limbs Reproduction - mitosis or binary fission
- conjugation (exchange of genetic information via micronuclei only – NOT considered sexual reproduction) – eg. paramecium;
- may require a host to reproduce
- may produce spores and or gametes for sexual reproduction (eg. algae) - by production of sexual and asexual spores - by both sexual and asexual spores

- mostly sexual reproduction

- reproduction by budding seen in some lower animals

Niche - may be producers, consumers, or decomposers;
- may be beneficial or harmful;
- may be parasitic or pathogenic;
- usually found in aquatic environments (ponds, streams, lakes, oceans);
- may be found in damp soil or r decomposing organic matter - mostly producers

- consumers

- involved in decomposition of organic matter

- consumers Sample Organisms Euglena
Paramecium
Algae (brown, red, green...)
Water mold
Amoeba

Pistia

Neem

Coconut tree

Yeast

Rhizopus

Candida

Humans

Rabbit

Lion

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