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Q1/ State three parameters that originate from excitable cells (i.e. biopotentials). Also state the amplitude of these parameters. Chose one of the three parameters. State a disease that can be diagnosed by measurement of this parameter.
Q2/ Given the following data: blood density = 1060 kg/m3 , the heat capacity of the blood = 3640 J/(kg * K), the amount of heat injected = 1.25 J, and the area under a curve which maps the temperature gradient vs. time is 1.0 s degrees Celsius, determine the cardiac output and state the disadvantages for this method of determining the Cardiac Output (CO).
Explanation / Answer
Ans-1) The cells that maintain a concentration difference of sodium, potassium and chloride are referred to excitable cells. The three parameters that originate from excitable cells (i.e. biopotentials) are a) strength or intensity of stimulus, b) duration of stimulus, c) velocity or speed of excitation.
The amplitude of these parameters are enlisted as follows:
The parameters used in disease diagnosis are:
1. Electrocardiogram 0.1- 5 mV
2. Electromyogram 0.1- 100 mV
3. Electroencephalogram 0.025- 0.1 mV
Electrocardiogram can be used in the diagnosis of any heart disease.
Electromyogram can be used in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, a pinched nerve, radiculopathy, sciatica, neuropathies, muscle diseases, muscular dystrophy, Lou Gehrig's disease, and myasthenia gravis
Electroencephalogram can be used in the diagnosis of epilepsy, brain disorders and sleep tumors.
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