Sulfuric acid is used in the synthesis and processing of many chemicals and meta

Question

Sulfuric acid is used in the synthesis and processing of many chemicals and metals, and it is the electrolyte in common lead-acid batteries.

It is used in various strengths, ranging from concentrated (100%) to dilute; so being able to estimate its concentration from a simple measurement of specific gravity is quite useful.

Suppose you prepare a solution that is 10 wt% H2SO4 in water and intend to confirm the concentration by comparing the specific gravity of the solution to that available from the literature.

To 90 g of water you carefully add 10 g of H2SO4 and allow the resulting mixture to equilibrate at 20°C.

(You know that rapidly adding the acid to water or water to concentrated acid can both lead to dangerous splatters of liquid.)

3)Estimate the volume of 40 wt% sulfuric acid (SG = 1.2991 at 25°C) that must be added to the 100.0 g of the 10-wt% solution to produce a solution that is 35 wt% sulfuric acid?

Explanation / Answer

a) Vwater = (90 g)/(1g/mL) = 90 mL

    Vsulfuric acid = (10 g)/(1.834 g/ml) = 5.45 mL

   total volume = 95.45 mL

   Density of 10wt% = [(5.45 ml/95.45mL)*1.834] + [(90 mL/95.45mL)*1] = 1.04 g/mL

b) volume = (90 g + 10 g)/(1.0661g/mL) = 93.80 mL

3) let x = amount of 40 wt%

        0.40x + 0.10(100g) = 0.35(100 + x)

             0.40x -0.35x = 25

                     0.05x = 25

                          x = 500 g

      convert 500 g to ml by the SG, mL = (500g)/(1.2991g/mL) = 384.88 mL

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