6. Consider a balloon of nitrogen gas and a crystal of sugar sitting on a table

Question

6.

Consider a balloon of nitrogen gas and a crystal of sugar sitting on a table at room conditions . Select the appropriate statement to fill in the blanks of each of the following. First part - comparing the same energy in different molecules The thermal energy of the sugar molecules is that of the nitrogen molecules. greater than about the same as less than the energy of interaction between molecule is that the nitrogen molecules. greater than about the same as less than Second part - comparing different energies in the same molecule the thermal energy of the sugar molecules is their energy of interaction. greater than about the same as less than the thermal energy of the nitrogen molecules is their energy of interaction. greater than about the same as less than

Explanation / Answer

First part

In general thermal energy is constant at certain temperature. It is denoted by KBT.

KB = Boltzmann constant

T = Absolute temperature

At same conditions all the substances pocess same energy irrespective of their state.

a) The thermal energy of the sugar molecules is about the same as that of nitrogen molecules.

b) The energy of interaction between sugar molecules is greater than that of nitrogen molecules.

Because sugar molecules pocess strong hydrogen bonding as intermolecular forces where as nitrogen molecules pocess only very weak dispersion forces as intermolecular forces.

Second Part

    In general matter can exist in three states based on strenth of intermolecular forces present. If the energy of interaction dominates thermal energy then molecules come closer and substance exists as solid and liquid, If thermal energy is greater than energy of interaction then molecules are far one another and substance exists as gases.

Nitrogen is gas and sugar is solid, so

c) Thermal energy of sugar molecules is less than their energy of interaction.

d) Thermal energy of nitrogen molecules is greater than their energy of interaction.

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