subject, microbiology, and references inical Applications Ciprofloxacin, erythro

Question

subject, microbiology, and references

inical Applications Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and acyclovir are used to treat microbi infections. Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase. Erythromycin binds in front of the A site on the 50 subunit of a ribosome. guanine analog. a. What steps in protein synthesis are inhibited by each drug? b, which drug is more effective against bacteria? Why? c. Which drugs will have effects on the host's cells? Why? d. Use the index to identity the disease for which acyclovir is primarily used. Why is it more effective than erythromyci for treating this disease?

Explanation / Answer

1. Ciprofloxacin acts against Gram positive bacteria as well as Gram negative bacteria by inhibiting DNA gyrase that separates bacterial DNA. Gyrase is involved in relaxation of the DNA supercoiling and thus translation initiation is stopped.

Erythromycin stops translation of the polypeptide chain by blocking the A site on the ribosome and thus stops translation. Elongation step of translation is inhibited by erythromycin.

Aciclovir is an analog of guanine that replaces guanine during replication of DNA. This would lead to DNA synthesis termination and then inhibition of protein synthesis.

2. Erythromycin is the most effective medicine out of the three as it blocks the protein synthesis by blocking the polypeptide chain.

3. Acyclovir would be effective against the host cells As it would result in the termination of DNA synthesis in the DNA polymerase of the viral genome.

4. Acyclovir is generally used for the treatment of chicken pox as it is caused mostly by herpes simplex virus.

Here acyclovir is more effective since acyclovir would bind to the DNA of the virus leading to DNA synthesis termination. Erythromycin only binds to ribosome of the bacteria, thus cannot act against viruses.

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