What are the two general approaches that are used to study the impact of selecti

Question

What are the two general approaches that are used to study the impact of selection on populations and how do they differ? What determines an organism s genetic system? How do sexual and asexual reproduction differ? What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid organism? Describe in detail how the degree of dominance will affect the impact of selection on a population in a diploid organism. Will favorable mutations spread faster when they are recessive or dominant in a diploid organism? Explain your answer. Will deleterious mutations be removed from a population faster when they are recessive or dominant in a diploid organism? Explain your answer. Explain how ploidy affects the impact of selection on a population. How does sexual reproduction affect the impact of selection on a population? If most phenotypic variation is due to environmental variation, will selection lead to large changes in the genetic makeup of a population? Explain your answer. If most phenotypic variation is due to genetic variation, will selection lead to large changes in the genetic makeup of a population? Explain your answer. What is additive genetic variance?

Explanation / Answer

4. In a diploid population, a deleterious allele B imposes separate effects on individual fitness in heterozygotes AB and homozygotes BB depending on the degree of dominance(h) of the normal allele A.When the Value of h = 0 A is completely dominant & when h=1/2 no dominance

The degree of dominance(h) affects selection on both homozygotes and heterozygotes.

In this way degree of selection affect the impact of selection on population in a diploid organism

8. The process of sexual reproduction involves two parents, each contributing one gamete. Gametes are produced by a process called meiosis, which starts by the duplication of the chromosomes, after followed by two rounds of cell divisions and halving of the chromosome number. Gametes have half the chromosome number of other adult cells of an organism.

A key feature of meiosis is the exchange of chromosome pieces which occurs in the first division of this process, called recombination or crossing over. Recombination is a very important source of genetic variation between individuals of sexually reproducing species, and the driving force for the process of natural selection.

For 9 & 10 .

The phenotype is a function of the genotype and environment. We can further partition the genetic component of the phenotype into additive and non-additive parts.

Phenotypic variation = additive genetic variation + non-additive genetic variation + environmental variation

From this we can say that how strong selection is determined by the additive component of the genetic variation.

So in question no. 9 –

As phenotypic variation is due to environmental variation and there is no genetic variation involved so, selection will not lead to large changes in the genetic make up of a population.

But in question no. 10 –

As phenotypic variation is due to genetic variation and so, selection will lead to large changes in the genetic make up of a population.

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