Be sure to answer all parts. Sucrose (C12H22011), commonly called table sugar, u

Question

Be sure to answer all parts. Sucrose (C12H22011), commonly called table sugar, undergoes hydrolysis (reaction with water) to produce fructose (C6H1206) and glucose (C6H1206): H20 C12H2011 C6H1206 C6H1206 fructose glucose This reaction is of considerable importance in the candy industry. First, fructose is sweeter than sucrose. Second, a mixture of fructose and glucose, calledinvert sugar, does not crystallize, so the candy containing this sugar would be chewy rather than brittle as candy containing sucrose crystals would be. From the data in the table, determine the order of the reaction. Time (min) C12H22011 (M) 0.500 60.0 0.400 96.4 0.350 157.5 0.280 How long does it take to hydrolyze 8.0 x 10 percent of sucrose? min

Explanation / Answer

rate =   - (difference in concentrations) / difference in time

        = - d[A] / dt

from data :

rate 1 =   - (0.4-0.5) / (60 -0) = 1.67 x 10^-3 M s-1

rate 2 =   - (0.35-0.4) / (96.4 -60) = 1.37 x 10^-3 M s-1

rate 3 =   - (0.28-0.35) / (157.5 -96.4) = 1.14 x 10^-3 M s-1

rate = k [A]n

take n =1

and rate and corresponding concentration substitute in rate

from rate 1

1.67 x 10^-3 = k [0.5]^1

k = 3.34 x 10^-3

from rate 2

1.37 x 10 ^-3 = k (0.4)

k = 3.4 x 10^-3

rate constants are equal so it is first order reaction

for first order reaction

a = initial concentration

x= dissociated concnetration

    = 80 /100

     = 0.8

t = (2.303 / k ) ( log a / a-x)

   = 2.303/ 3.4 x 10^-3 )   ( log 1 / 1-0.8)

   = 473.4 sec

         

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