1. Glycolysis has two phases, energy investment phase and energy generation phas
ID: 865468 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Glycolysis has two phases, energy investment phase and energy generation phase. What does that mean?
a. Energy investment phase of glycolysis uses NADH for kinase reactions and energy generation phase produces ATPs.
b. Energy investment phase of glycolysis uses ATPs for kinase reactions and energy generation phase produces more ATPs.
c. Energy investment phase of glycolysis uses GTPs for kinase reactions and energy generation phase produces NADH and FADH2.
d. Energy investment phase of glycolysis uses ATPs for kinase reactions and energy generation phase produces GTPs.
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2. GTP, NADH and FADH2 made during TCA cycle is used to synthesize ATP. How many ATP molecules are produced from one acetyl CoA molecule entering into TCA cycle? (Assuming all reactions are 100% efficient.)
a. 10 ATP molecules
b. 12 ATP molecules
c. 6 ATP molecules
d. 5 ATP molecules
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3. Synthesis of acetyl CoA from pyruvate is highly regulated by state of phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It is inactive when phosphorylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Acetyl CoA positively regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (make it active). What is the effect of acetyl CoA on acetyl CoA synthesis?
a. No effect
b. Stimulate acetyl CoA synthesis
c. Inhibit acetyl CoA synthesis
d. It depends on GTP concentration
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4. TCA cycle is regulated at several steps. What is the effect of high concentration of Ca++ on synthesis of a-ketoglutarate of AMP relate to high ATP level?
a. Synthesis of a-ketoglutarate increases but the rest of steps do not change.
b. Synthesis of a-ketoglutarate increases and whole TCA cycle is stimulated.
c. Synthesis of a-ketoglutarate decreases but whole TCA cycle is stimulated.
d. Synthesis of a-ketoglutarate decreases and rate of TCA cycle decreases.
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5. Glycogenolysis is catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase. It is active when it is phosphorylated by glycogen phosphorylase kinase. Glucagon activates protein kinase A (PKA) and PKA phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase kinase and activate its activity. This phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase to active form. How does high ATP concentration in cell effect glycogenolysis?
a. Glycogenolysis is stimulated as it signals sufficient glucose to produce ATP
b. Glycogenolysis is stimulated as it signals low level of glucose to produce ATP
c. Glycogenolysis is inhibited as it signals sufficient glucose to produce ATP
d. Glycogenolysis is stimulated and glycogenesis is also stimulated
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