What are the osmotic strategies of each of following groups of organisms, and th

Question

What are the osmotic strategies of each of following groups of organisms, and the mechanisms that they employ to achieve water homeostasis?

Goldfish?

Great white shark?

Lobster?

Tuna?

Chose from the following choices:

a) Accumulates compatible solutes (amino acids) to be isosmotic with seawater.

b) Actively excrete ions at gill chloride cells.

c) Produce copious dilute urine, actively pump in ions at gill chloride cells.

d) Uses counteracting solutes (2Urea:TMAO) to be isosmotic to seawater.

a) Accumulates compatible solutes (amino acids) to be isosmotic with seawater.

b) Actively excrete ions at gill chloride cells.

c) Produce copious dilute urine, actively pump in ions at gill chloride cells.

d) Uses counteracting solutes (2Urea:TMAO) to be isosmotic to seawater.

Explanation / Answer

Goldfish= option A because goldfish is a stenohaline organism and can tolerate a narrow range of salinity.

Lobster= Option B because the lobsters are not strong osmoregulator and when the water salinity drops the osmolarity o their blood also drops but remains hyperosmotic to the water. So in such conditions, the enzymes pump ions across the gill membrane.

Great white shark= Option D because the shark is ureotelic animals that secrete urea to maintain osmotic balance. The TMAO stabilizes the proteins that are present in high urea levels.

Tuna= option C

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