Figure 1 The graphs show plots for eight genes. In each plot, the x-axis represe

Question

Figure 1 The graphs show plots for eight genes. In each plot, the x-axis represents time (in millions of years) and the y-axis represents genetic divergence. The dots represent divergences of lineages with known divergence times. The shaded regions represent the range of genetic divergences between invertebrates and vertebrates (y-axis) and the inferred range of divergence times between invertebrates and vertebrates (x-axis). A) What is the most recent estimated time of divergence between invertebrates and vertebrates, based on the ATPase 6 gene? What is the most distant? B) Based on the most recent plausible age, which gene gives the most recent time for the divergence between invertebrates and vertebrates? According to that estimate, how long ago was this? C) Based on the most distant plausible age, which gene gives the most distant time for the divergence between invertebrates and vertebrates? According to that estimate, how long ago was this? 6 1.8 Cytochrome c 1.6 0.3 1.2 0.8 0.4 Cytochrome oxidase I 0.9 Cytochrome oxidase 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 3.5 Hemoglobin 3.5 B Hemoglobin 2.5 0.5 NADH 1 18S rRNA 0.3 0.25 0.6 0.15 0.4 0.1 0.05 500 1000 1500 2000 500 1000 1500 2000

Explanation / Answer

A) The most distant estimate of divergence between invertebrates and vertebrates is 400 million years and the most recent is close to less than 50 million years ago.

B) Beta hemoglobin gives the most recent time for the divergence between invertebrates and vertebrates. It can be estimated close to zero years.

C) The most distant time of divergence between invertebrates and vertebrates is 18 S rRNA, which is estimated to be above 500 million years around 550 million years.

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