99. The space shuttle carries about 72,500 kg of solid aluminum fuel, which is o

Question

99. The space shuttle carries about 72,500 kg of solid aluminum fuel, which is oxidized with ammonium perchlorate according to the reaction:

10 Al(s) + 6 NH4ClO4(s) => 4 Al2O3(s) + 2 AlCl3(s) + 12 H2O(g) + 3 N2(g)

The space shuttle also carries about 608,000 kg of oxygen (which reacts with hydrogen to form gaseous water).

a. Assuming that aluminum and oxygen are the limiting reactants, determine the total energy produced by these fuels.(Delta Hf for solid ammonium perchlorate is -295 kJ /mol)

b. Suppose that a future space shuttle is powered by matter - antimatter annihilation. The matter could be normal hydrogen (containing a proton and an electron) and the antimatter could be antihydrogen (containing an antiproton and a positron). What mass of antimatter is required to produce the energy equivalent of the aluminum and oxygen fuel currently carried on the space shuttle?

Explanation / Answer

10Al(s)+6NH4ClO4 (s)--->4Al2O3(s)+ 2AlCl3 (s) + 12H2O(g)+ 3N2(g)
?Hrxn = ??Hf(products) - ??Hf(reactants) =
[4?Hf(Al2O3)+ 2?Hf(AlCl3) + 12?Hf(H2O)+ 3?Hf(N2)]- [10?Hf(Al)+6?Hf(NH4ClO4)] .........(1)
?Hf(Al), ?Hf(N2) = 0 elements in their standard states, ?Hf(NH4ClO4) given = ?295 kj/mol

?Hf(Al2O3)= -1669.8kj/mol,

?Hf(AlCl3)= ?705.63kj/mol
?Hf(H2O) = ?241.818 kj/mol
;. Plug values in and get ?Hrxn per mol
?Hrxn = -9222.276 kj/mol

Convert 7.25

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