Key mechanisms in combating orthostatic or postural hypotension include: Select

Question

Key mechanisms in combating orthostatic or postural hypotension include: Select one: muscle pumps. the baroreceptor reflex. all of the above. none of the above. reduced distensibility of leg veins compared to thoracic veins. In cardiac muscle, the action potential in the ventricles Select one: has an unstable resting membrane potentia is due to an increase in chloride permeability has a resting membrane potential of about -60mV. is shorter than the action potential of a pacemaker cell. relies on an increase in calcium permeability. The major mechanism (s) controlling the diameter of arteries in the skeletal muscle is Select one: extracellular K+ concentration all of the above extracellular CO2 concentration myogenic mechanisms accumulation of metabolic waste products

Explanation / Answer

1) option C. All of the above.

for more information read following article

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4507375/

2) option E. relies on an increase calcium permeability.

3) option A. extracellular potessium concentration.

for more information read following

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4131448/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1656509

4) option B. urea diffuse across the wall down its concentration gradient.

urea transport through urea transporters.

5) option E. cardiac stroke volume- volume of the blood pumped by ventricle with each beat.

difference between the ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) and the end-systolic volume (ESV).

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