Which of the following explains why Streptococcus pneumoniae can infect an indiv

Question

Which of the following explains why Streptococcus pneumoniae can infect an individual recurrently? Immune responses against previous S. pneumoniae serotypes protects against their re-infection but not against the main other Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes The capsular polysaccharide antigens of S. pneumoniae do not induce immunological memory Previous infection with, S. pneumoniae wears down the immune system over time S. pneumoniae is never completely eradicated during an infection and can reactivate if the host is immunocompromised Anti-capsular antibodies arc cleared from the host quickly after an active infection so therefore no exist Protective antibodies generated in response to influenza virus bind to which antigens expressed on the viral envelope? antigenic polysaccharide type H and type N variable surface glycoproteins due to a high rate of mutation during viral replication Their surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase superantigens that stimulate a large number of non-antigen specific T cells to damage tissues gp41 protein and gp120 protein The first step of the alternative complement pathway involves the continual low rate of spontaneous hydroly which complement component? C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 Which of following is true about membrane-attack complexes? C5a forms a complex by the successive binding of C6, C7 and C8 which inserts in bacterial plasma membranes It serve as a ligand (opsonins) on bacterial surfaces which macrophages recognize with their receptors The C6, C7, and C8 complex induces the polymerization up to 16 C9 molecules which generates a transmembrane channel in bacteria plasma membranes All of the above answers arc correct Both answers a and b are correct Secretory IgA is best described as: a non-inflammatory immunoglobulin that restricts the passage of antigens across mucosal surfaces a complement-activating immunoglobulin that causes destruction of invasive microflora through the membrane-attack complex an opsonizing antibody that facilitates uptake by M cells through Fc receptors an inflammatory immunoglobulin that stimulates the chemotaxis of neutrophils into mucosal surfaces a monomeric IgA iliat neutralizes antigen effectively at mucosal surfaces

Explanation / Answer

Answer part 1: a – immune response against previous S. pneumoniae serotype protects against their re-infection but not against the many other S. pneumoniae serotypes.

Answer part 2: c – Their surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

Answer part 3: c - C3

Answer part 4: d – all the above are correct

Answer part 5: A - a non-inflammatory immunoglobulin that restricts the passage of antigens across mucosal surfaces

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