I am having a problem answering the following question from my lab assignement,

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I am having a problem answering the following question from my lab assignement, #2, I have attached my lab assignment to this post as a pdf for reference, the following is the question:

2. For each section, explain what possible ion movements could generate the initial potential difference you observed across the epithelium in step #1? Try to explain what actual ion movements generate this potential.

BIO 361: Active Transport Lab Learning objectives: After completing the lab exercise and analyzing data at home, students will be able to... 1. Describe the passive solute and water fluxes encountered by a freshwater vertebrate 2. Explain cellular mechanisms by which a freshwater amphibian absorbs solutes from the environment 3. Describe the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction and give a physiological example of each Introduction: Active transport is a fundamental process occurring i many tissues, cells, and organelles, which allows for movement of materials against an electrochemical gradient In this experiment, we will examine the role of active transport in osmoregulation using the abdominal skin of a frog. Fresh water frogs live in an environment that is hypoosmotic to their body fluids, so they are faced with the problems of passive salt loss and passive water gain. The frog is able to excrete excess water by producing dilute urine in the kidneys. The skin also plays a role in osmoregulation by actively transporting salts back into the blood When a charged ion is transported in one direction across a membrane (or epithelium), an electrochemical potential difference is established. This potential difference, or voltage, can be measured by placing an electrode in the solution on one side of the membrane (or epithelium) and another electrode on the other side of the membrane, and connecting both electrodes to an oscilloscope or other device that measures voltage. If a voltage is measured, it indicates that transport is occurring and unequal numbers of positive and negative ions are crossing the membrane. By applying solutions containing different salts to one or the other side ofthe membrane, it may be possible to deduce which ions are being actively transported by those cells

Explanation / Answer

1. prediction : No change in potential difference across the membrane as both the side the solution is same there fore there will be an equilibrium condition and potential difference remain same.

2. Hypothesis tested: Differ in ion concentration across the membrane may result in osmoregulation thus affecting action potential across membrane.

3. Hypothesis tested: Same ion concentration nn both side of the membrane does'nt affect action potential across the membrane.

Predicted: Ion concentration will maintain same on both side of the membrane thus there is no change in action potential acrss the memrane.

4. Hypothesis tested (6-12). Change in ion concetration across the membrane alter action potential across the membrane.

Predicted. Action potential will remain close or below to 0 througout, chainge in medium acrooss the membrane may not affect ion concentration.

5. Hypotheisi: Chelating oxygen may alter ion concentration across the membrane. Thus affecting action potential across the membrane.

Predicted: With decrease in oxgen concetration across the membrane there is decline in action potential across the membrane.

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