The evolution of complexity requires a loss of the right to reproduce as organis
ID: 81498 • Letter: T
Question
The evolution of complexity requires a loss of the right to reproduce as organisms join together to form larger groups that share reproduction. For each of these acquisitions of complexity, the selection for the gain of complexity was greater than the selection against the loss of self (reproductive capabilities). For each complexity, discuss scenarios of natural selection that would be strong enough to allow for loss of reproductive capability.
• Origins of self-replicating molecules
• Transition from RNA world to DNA world
• Origins of cells
• Evolution of Eukaryota
• Evolution of sexual reproduction (chapter 16)
• Evolution of muticellularity
• Evolution of developmental complexity (chapter 13)
• Evolution of individuality and gametes
• Evolution of groups and complex societies
• Evolution of eusociality (chapter 18)
Explanation / Answer
Origins of cells: Sometime around four billion or 3.5 billion years ago, lipid membranes and RNA or DNA got together to form the earliest living cells on Earth. But somehow some RNA or DNA molecules, or both, started hanging out in the water inside the bubbles of lipid membranes.
Evolution of Eukaryota: The mitochondria and chloroplasts of Eukaryotic cells arose from the symbiotic incorporation of prokaryotic cells by a proto-eukaryotic cell.
Evolution of sexual reproduction: The evolution of sex contains two related, yet distinct, themes: its origin and its maintenance.
Evolution of muticellularity: The first evidence of multicellularity is from cyanobacteria-like organisms that lived 3–3.5 billion years ago. To reproduce, true multicellularorganisms must solve the problem of regenerating a whole organism from germ cells (i.e. sperm and egg cells), an issue that is studied in evolutionary developmental biology.
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