1. Why would a chest x-ray examination reveal an infiltrate in the basilar segme
ID: 809746 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Why would a chest x-ray examination reveal an infiltrate in the basilar segments of the left lower lobe ?
2. A 52-year-old man who has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for the past 20 years (40 pack years) experiences increased cough productive of copious amounts of yellow-green mucus and increased shortness of breath. Which of the following statements about [Vdot]/[Qdot] is most likely true?
Perfusion to the lung will be increased while ventilation will be normal( Why is this answer true ? )
3. A 30-year-old man presents with infertility due to immotile sperm. This condition affects all ciliated structures within the body.
He is at risk for abnormalities in immune defense in association with changes in mucociliary transport resulting in mucus retention and secondary infection. ( Why is this true ? )
4.A 77-year-old man complains of shortness of breath with activities of daily living. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes per day for the past 55 years (55 pack years). He has a barrel chest and breath sounds are distant, especially over the apices. His FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC are markedly reduced with a significant elevation in the RV/TLC due to a marked increase in RV. His diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is reduced. What lung disease is most likely?On chest x-ray, what would most likely be found?
Emphysema, A flattened diaphragm with bullae in the apices and few visible lung markings
( Why is this the answer? )
5. A 59-year-old man is admitted to the ICU for shortness of breath caused by an exacerbation of emphysema. He previously smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 40 years (80 pack years). His respiratory rate is 40breaths/min with accessory muscle use. His physician decides to mechanically ventilate him and temporarily paralyze him with medication. The ventilator is set for 12breaths/min with tidal volume of 1000mL. The ventilator measures airway pressures at the end of each delivered breath (no airflow), giving an airway pressure of 25cm H2O. The ventilator then allows him to passively exhale, and the airway pressure returns to zero (PB). What is the compliance of his respiratory system?40mL/cm H2O ( Why is this the answer?)
A patient is placed on a ventilator set at 12breaths/min with a tidal volume of 1000mL. The ventilator measures airway pressures at the end of each delivered breath (no airflow), giving an airway pressure of 25cm H2O. The ventilator then allows him to passively exhale, and the airway pressure returns to zero (PB). On further examination, the physician notes that the patient has bilateral wheezes when she listens to his chest. His RAW is measured ((Pao
Explanation / Answer
The patient is an elderly man who appears tired haggard and underweight. His complexion is sallow. He coughs continuously. Sitting in a chair, he leans to his right side, holding his right chest with his left arm. Vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 152/90, apical heart rate 112/minute and regular, respiratory rate 24/minute and somewhat labored, temperature 102.6
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