Please show all your work! 2. Carbonate Equilibrium As you?ve learned, carbonate

Question

Please show all your work!

2. Carbonate Equilibrium As you?ve learned, carbonate plays an important role determining the pH in environmental systems. The ocean is a prime example of such an environment. Currently, the pH of the ocean is estimated to be approximately 8.1; however this pH is expected to drop to 7.8 by the year 2100. (a) Write out all the necessary equations when solving the carbonate equilibrium system. (b) Using a system of equations approach, compare the carbonate (C03 2-) concentration in the ocean today and in the year 2100. Assume it is a closed system with no solid (i.e. no CaCO3). Useful constants Kal =10^-6.3 Ka2 = 10^-10.3 Kw= 10^-14 KH=29.41 L * atm * moL^-1 PcO2 = 10^-3.5 atm

Explanation / Answer

Answer

(a) there is the all necesary equation on solving carbonate equilibrium.

(b)

In an open system, carbon dioxide can be exchanged freely between water and the
atmosphere. When this system is in equilibrium, the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide is determined by
Henry's law. In order to find pH and the concentration of all the remaining carbonate species, the charge balance must
be used. In a simple system containing only carbonate species,

Formulate in mathmetical form.

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