Thomas L. a 28-year-old male, complained of abrupt polydipsia and polyuria. Bloo

Question

Thomas L. a 28-year-old male, complained of abrupt polydipsia and polyuria. Blood and urine analyses provided the following results:

Fasting blood glucose 93 mg/dL

Serum sodium 145 mEq/L

Serum potassium 2.8 mEq/L

Urine osmolality <200 mOsm/L

Urine volume 15 L/day

Urine glucose 0

Water deprivation and hypertonic saline infusion was used to treat and the treatment did not cause a significant reduction in the polyuria and concentration of urine. Complete water-deprivation results in the following: Urine osmolality 225 mOsm/L. However, there is a significant concentration of the urine and a decrease in urinary output following administration of ADH.

1. Define polydipsia and polyuria.

2. Why did the water deprivation and hypertonic saline infusion not result in a concentrated urine?

3. Identify the disorder and describe the location of the disorder in Thomas.

4. Thomas was given a nasal spray containing a synthetic substance to self-administer to treat this condition. What type of compound was present in the nasal spray?

5. What is the long-term prognosis for Thomas L?

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1: polydispia refers to the extreme thirst. it also includes prolonged dryness of mouth. it is a symptom of both diabetis mellitus and diabetis insipidus

Polyuria: it refers to excessive urea production with accompanies frequent urination

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