Hi, Thermodynamics is frustrating, anyone has any ideas on these questions? THX

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Hi, Thermodynamics is frustrating, anyone has any ideas on these questions?  THX

1. (1) Show that just as heat flows from regions of high to low temperatures, particles will flow from a region of high chemical potential to a region of low chemical potential for stable systems. (2) Prove that, under certain conditions, particles will also flow from the region of lower concentration (chemical potential) to the region of higher concentration (chemical potential).

2.The van der Waals equation has been the foundation for the engineering equations of state. Those equations include PR, RK and MH equations that have been used extensively for decades by many industries. In our lectures, it is demonstrated that there are many new developments in developing equations of state for engineering applications, one of which is given by P=RT/(V-b)-a/Vn (Martynyuk, 1996), and another one is Toop

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