Select the one (1) best answer and record to the left of the numbered item. If a

Question

Select the one (1) best answer and record to the left of the numbered item. If an "E" response is required to be written, please write in the space provided. No partial credit will be given 1. Dimorphism in fungi refers to A) the ability of fungi to produce two types of spores B) the characteristics of certain fungi to develop male and female hyphae C) the ability of fungi to undergo mitosis as well as meiosis D) all of the above E) none of the above = identify _____ 2. observations of chains of conidia from flask shaped philades resembling a brush on a slide culture is highly suggestive of A) Paceilomyces B) Cladosporium C) Gliocadium D) Aspergillus E) none of the above = identify Mycotoxins can be produced in a wide variety of foods derived from plants including cereals, nuts, fruits and vegetables as a result of fungal growth. When eaten in low concentrations by vertebrate animals, they will produce toxic effects which will vary widely ranging from flood refusal and vomiting by farm animals to cancer in humans. Of the different types of mycotoxins, _____ produced by _____ is the most potent known to man. A) trichothecenes - Fusarium B) psilocybin-Psyilocybe species C) alpha-toxins-Aspergillus species D) allergens-Cladosporium species E) allergens-Penicillin species Yellow, red or black granules discharged from and subcutaneous and cutaneous nodules is characteristic of the fungal agent which has a perfect stage known as Monsporium apiospermum. This fungal disease is known as A) cryptotoccosis B) ringworm C) tnear cruis D) tinea versicolor E) none of the above = identify The causative agent of hot weather ear (also known as swimmer's ear) which is characterized by the production of flask shaped vesicles covered with small sterigmata from which conidia are produced is A) Peculium species B) Aspergillus species C) Mucor species D) Trichophyton species E) Microsporum species Hyphae distinctively septate, short segments without branching which are dark of yellow or brown in color; multi-celled sclerotic bodies may be present is characteristic an infection with A) Fonsecasa pedrosi B) Phialophora verrucosa C) Both A and /or B D) neither A or B = identify _____ Observation of a thick refractile wall with a single bud attached with a broad base is best associated with the following A) endemic disease in patients living in Mississippi/Ohio Valley regions B) endemic in desert regions of the southwestern United States and Mexico C) infection limited to South American continent D) none of the above = identify _____ Tuberculate macroconidia produced at the lateral conidiophores arising from septate hyphae is characterically associated with the following A) soils contaminated with bird feces or bat guano B) severely immunocompromised patients C) ascomycetous sexual stage identified as Ajellomyces dermatitidis D) neither of the above = identify_____

Explanation / Answer

1) Dimorphism as the name suggests is the existence of two distinct morphological forms. The dimorphic fungi have two different morphological forms of hyphae or spores. The striking feature present in most dimorphic fungi is the ability to convert the mold forms to the yeast forms by incubating subcultures in enriched media at 35°-37°C. Dimorphic fungi produce a mold form at 25-30°C and a yeast form at 35-37°C. Dimorphism is seen in Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and mitosporic fungi. Fungal spores can be produced either asexually or sexually. Asexual spores are always formed in a sporangium following mitosis and sexual spores are formed by meiosis. So, the answer for this question is option (D) all of the above.

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