Part I - Describe DNA Mutations: Definition: Define a mutation. Are they good or

Question

Part I - Describe DNA Mutations: Definition: Define a mutation. Are they good or bad? What types of mutations can occur in the DNA? What can cause a mutation? Can mutation be “fixed”? What are the requirements for normal cell division? What are the requirements for cancer cells to divide and grow? Define the difference between a benign tumor, a malignant tumor, and metastatic cancer. Part 2 – Describe DNA Damage: Definition: Define DNA damage. What are some causes of DNA damage? What affect does DNA damage have? Will replication proceed normally? If DNA damage is not repaired, what affect will it have? Can DNA damage be repaired? If DNA damage is not repaired, what affect will it have on the cell cycle (cell division)?

Explanation / Answer

[Note: As both the questions asked by you are long answer questions, so I am answering just part 1. I hope that helps. Thanks]

Mutation is defined as any change in the structure of DNA. This may occur due to any mistakes that may occur when a DNA is copied or any type of environmental factors. Mutation can be good, bad or produce no effect. If a mutation causes a change in the genetic constitution of an organism, then it is bad and if it does not cause any harm to an indiviual and still present, then it is good. If the mutation is not showing any effect, it acts as dormant.

Types of mutations: A number of types of mutation occurs in an indiviual like: Point mutation, inversion, insertion and deletion mutation and duplication.

Causes of mutation: The main causes of DNA mutation are listed as follows:

A normal cell requires a healthy cell which is ready to divide for the cell divison. Also, certain checkpoints are required which assist in proper cell division. A cancerous cell is a cell growth which is unchecked. There are two main types of tumors. One is benign and other one is malignant. The benign tumor does not have the ability to spread around while the malignant tumor can spread and divide in its surrounding tissues as well. In the metastasis, the cancerous cells detach from the surface where they developed and move through blood or lymph to other parts of the body.

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