Glycerol reacts with nitric acid (HNO3) to produce a colourless liquid, Compound

Question

Glycerol reacts with nitric acid (HNO3) to produce a colourless liquid, Compound D (Reaction 1). This reaction is undertaken in the presence of a catalyst (sulfuric acid, H2SO4). C3H8O3(1) + 3HNO3(1) + 3H2O(1) Delta H = -364 kJ mol-1 State whether Reaction 1 is exo- or endothermic (a single sentence) and draw a fully labelled diagram to show how the internal energy changes during the process represented by Reaction 1. Indicate on your diagram the energy barrier for the reaction. Explain the role of sulfuric acid in terms of the energy barrier of Reaction 1. (Guideline: one or two sentences.) Reaction 1 is used commercially, but the vessel in which it is undertaken is cooled to maintain a steady temperature of 22 degree C. Assuming Reaction 1 is reversible, as indicated, explain in terms of Le Chatelier's principle and the product yield why this cooling is required. (Guideline: up to 100 words.) When Reaction 1 is complete, Compound D can only be isolated once the acids have been removed. This is achieved by adding a strong base (sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq)). Explain what is meant by a strong base (one or two sentences). Write balanced chemical equations, including state symbols, to illustrate (1) the reaction that occurs when solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water and (2) the reaction that occurs when sodium hydroxide solution is added to sulfuric acid. What type of reaction is represented by the equation you have written in (2)?

Explanation / Answer

2NaOH + H2SO4 ----> Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Neutralization reaction

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