A system has 300 J of work done on it and releases 250 J of heat What is change

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Q = W+U W = -800 J, U = 300 J ==> Q = -500 J (heat flows out) If Q is defined as heat added to the system, W as work done by the system, and U (or more correctly dU) as internal energy of the system, Q = W+U. See the ref. By the above definitions U = +300J and W = -800 J, thus Q = -500 J. Perhaps they're expecting you to think "500 J out of the system" rather than "-500 J which is heat going out of the system". In other words, try the positive number.

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