a) what is the meaning of the term coordination number as itapplies to metal com

Question

a) what is the meaning of the term coordination number as itapplies to metal complexes? b) Generally speaking, what structural feature characterizessubstances that can serve as liqands in metal complexes? give anexample of a ligand that is neutral and one that is negativelycharged. c) would you expect ligands that are positively charged to becommon. explain. d) what type of chemical bonding is characterists ofcoordination compounds? illustrate with the compoundCo(NH3)6Cl3 a) what is the meaning of the term coordination number as itapplies to metal complexes? b) Generally speaking, what structural feature characterizessubstances that can serve as liqands in metal complexes? give anexample of a ligand that is neutral and one that is negativelycharged. c) would you expect ligands that are positively charged to becommon. explain. d) what type of chemical bonding is characterists ofcoordination compounds? illustrate with the compoundCo(NH3)6Cl3

Explanation / Answer

a) what is the meaning of the term coordination number as itapplies to metal complexes            The number of atoms, ions, or molecules that a central atom or ionholds as its nearest neighbours in a complex or coordinationcompound or in a crystal. Thus the metal atom has coordinationnumber 8 in the coordination complexes [Mo(CN)8]4- 7 in the complex[ZrF7]3-; 4 in the complexes[Zn(CN)4]2-& 2 in the complexes [Ag(NH3)2]+. b) Generally speaking, what structural feature characterizessubstances that can serve as liqands in metal complexes? give anexample of a ligand that is neutral and one that is negativelycharged.           Any atom, ion or molecule which is capable of donating a pair ofelectrons to the central atom is called a coordinating group orLigand. The main feature of the ligand is it must donate a pair ofelectrons to the central metal atom. Example of a ligands that is neutral are CO , NO,H2 O etc. Example of a ligands that is negative are Cl- , OH - ONO - etc. c) would you expect ligands that are positively charged to becommon. explain. c) would you expect ligands that are positively charged to becommon. explain.           Examples for positively charged ligands are  NO + ( nitrosonium ion ), NO 2+ ( nitronium ion ) d) what type of chemical bonding is characterists ofcoordination compounds? illustrate with the compoundCo(NH3)6Cl 3           Examples for positively charged ligands are  NO + ( nitrosonium ion ), NO 2+ ( nitronium ion ) d) what type of chemical bonding is characterists ofcoordination compounds? illustrate with the compoundCo(NH3)6Cl 3 d) what type of chemical bonding is characterists ofcoordination compounds? illustrate with the compoundCo(NH3)6Cl 3          Acoordination complex is the product of a Lewis acid-base reactionin which neutral molecules or anions (called ligands) bond to acentral metal atom (or ion) by coordinate covalentbonds.Ligands are Lewis bases - they contain atleast one pair of electrons to donate to a metal atom/ion. Ligandsare also called complexing agents. Metal atoms/ions are Lewis acids- they can accept pairs of electrons from Lewis bases.     The oxidation number of Coin  [Co(NH3)6 ]Cl 3is x + 6 ( 0 ) + 3 ( -1 ) = 0                                                                                                x = + 3 The electronic configuration of Co is [Ar ] 4s2 3d 7 The electronic configuration of Co 3+ is [Ar ] 4s 0 3d 6 So, there is only 4 unpaired electrons in Co 3+ .But on theapproach of the NH 3 ligands The unpaired electrons arecompletly paired up .Now it has only two empty d-orbitals.So,the 1 4s-orbital and 3  4p-orbitals are participate in bond formation .The 6 NH3 molecules donates 6 lone pairs to these 6 emptyorbitals & forms the complex Co(NH3)6Cl3 The oxidation number of Coin  [Co(NH3)6 ]Cl 3is x + 6 ( 0 ) + 3 ( -1 ) = 0                                                                                                x = + 3 The electronic configuration of Co is [Ar ] 4s2 3d 7 The electronic configuration of Co 3+ is [Ar ] 4s 0 3d 6 So, there is only 4 unpaired electrons in Co 3+ .But on theapproach of the NH 3 ligands The unpaired electrons arecompletly paired up .Now it has only two empty d-orbitals.So,the 1 4s-orbital and 3  4p-orbitals are participate in bond formation .The 6 NH3 molecules donates 6 lone pairs to these 6 emptyorbitals & forms the complex Co(NH3)6Cl3 So, there is only 4 unpaired electrons in Co 3+ .But on theapproach of the NH 3 ligands The unpaired electrons arecompletly paired up .Now it has only two empty d-orbitals.So,the 1 4s-orbital and 3  4p-orbitals are participate in bond formation .The 6 NH3 molecules donates 6 lone pairs to these 6 emptyorbitals & forms the complex Co(NH3)6Cl3

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