SHORT ESSAY QUESTION Compare and contrast each of the four organic macromolecule
ID: 74203 • Letter: S
Question
SHORT ESSAY QUESTION
Compare and contrast each of the four organic macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids. Be sure to include the following:
1) Explain how dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis work.
2) What are the monomers of each of the 4 macromolecules?
3) What are the polymers of each of the 4 macromolecules?
4) Provide an example of each of the 4 macromolecules.
5) What kinds of bonds hold the monomers together to make a polymer? Name the 4 special bonds.
6) Give at least 2 functions of each kind of macromolecule.
7) Where can you find each macromolecule in a cell?
Cells are the basic unit of life; however, they are very complex! Choose 10 organelles from the list below: You must choose at least one from each of the 5 categories. Explain their purpose/function in the cell.
Outer Coverings and Inside the Cell
Genetic Control
Endomembrane System
Energy
Cell Structure
Plasma Membrane
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Cytoskeleton
Cilia & Flagella
Outer Coverings and Inside the Cell
Genetic Control
Endomembrane System
Energy
Cell Structure
Plasma Membrane
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Cytoskeleton
Cilia & Flagella
Explanation / Answer
Carbohydrates:
Explain how dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis work: Synthesis is from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight. The most common form is glucose which is hydrolysed using the pathway of glycolysis.
2) What are the monomers ? Monosaccharides
3) What are the polymers ? Polysaccharides
4) Provide an example : glucose
5) What kinds of bonds hold the monomers together to make a polymer? Glycosidic bonds alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6. Alpha, beta 1, 2 linkage is also seen.
6) Give at least 2 functions of each kind of macromolecule. Provide energy for cellular functions, storage molecule
7) Where can you find each macromolecule in a cell. Liver
Lipids:
Explain how dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis work: Synthesis of fatty acids takes from malonyl coA and acetyl coA. The process of beta oxidation breaks down fatty acids to acetyl coA molecules.Propionyl coA is produced from odd numbered fatty acids.
2) What are the monomers Triacyl glycerol.
3) What are the polymers of each of the 4 macromolecules? no specific polymers
4) Provide an example of each of the 4 macromolecules. Sphingomyelin
5) What kinds of bonds hold the monomers together to make a polymer? Ester bonds.
6) Give at least 2 functions of each kind of macromolecule. Energy production and signal production
7) Where can you find each macromolecule in a cell? cytoplasm
Proteins,
Explain how dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis work.: Translation is the process of synthesis of proteins. Hydrolysis is the breaking of the CO-NH bond seen in proteins.
2) What are the monomers of each of the 4 macromolecules? amino acids
3) What are the polymers of each of the 4 macromolecules? proteins
4) Provide an example of each of the 4 macromolecules. Insulin is a protein
5) What kinds of bonds hold the monomers together to make a polymer? Peptide bonds, covalent bonds, hdrogen bonds, disulfide bonds
6) Give at least 2 functions of each kind of macromolecule. act as enzymes, repair of body tissue
7) Where can you find each macromolecule in a cell?In the cell membrane
Nucleic acids:
Explain how dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis work. Synthesis of nucleic acids takes place before cell division. (DNA) RNA synthesis takes place in the process of transcription. Hydrolysis of nucleic acids (DNA)does not occur in the cell under normal conditions. But when viral attack occurs, the cell's DNA is destroyed. The RNA formed after transcription is destroyed after its use is over.
2) What are the monomers of each of the 4 macromolecules? Nucleotide
3) What are the polymers of each of the 4 macromolecules?Nucleic acid
4) Provide an example of each of the 4 macromolecules. DNA and RNA
5) What kinds of bonds hold the monomers together to make a polymer. Phosphodiester bond
6) Give at least 2 functions of each kind of macromolecule. Acts as genetic material, messenger RNA for transfer of info from DNA to protein
7) Where can you find each macromolecule in a cell? nucleus
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