13. In protein synthesis: A. Translation occurs within the nucleus and transcrip
ID: 73025 • Letter: 1
Question
13. In protein synthesis:
A. Translation occurs within the nucleus and transcription occurs at the ribosomes
B. Transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs at the ribosomes
C. mRNA is formed at the ribosomes and tRNA transfers the code from the nucleus to the ribosomes
D. mRNA is translated at the ribosomes while the tRNA is transcribed in the nucleus
14. In epithelial tissue, junctions form cell-to-cell connections.The type of junction that uses proteins called integrins is called:
A. Desmosomes of tight junctions
B. Hemidesmosomes of gap junctions
C. Hemidesmosomes of the anchoring junctions
D. Cadherins of the anchoring junctions
E. Hemidesmosomes of the tight junctions
15. The type of bone cell that originate from monocytes and macrophages and function to resorb bone is called a (an):
A. Osteocyte
B. Osteoclast
C. Osteoblast
D. Lacuna
E. Oligodendrocyte
16. Absorption of the products of food digestion can occur through five mechanisms including one that moves substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration using a carrier protein.This mechanism is called:
A. Active transport
B. Passive diffusion
C. Co-transport
D. Facilitated diffusion
E. Endocytosis
17. The equation summarizing glycolysis can be written:
Glucose + 2ATP + 2NAD+ + 4ADP + 2Pi (arrow sign) 2 Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H+
In this equation, the molecule that participates in a redox reaction and is said to be the reduced form of a coenzyme is:
A. NAD
B. ATP
C. ADP
D. NADH
E. Glucose
18. In blood clotting, the intrinsic pathway and the extrinsic pathway merge into the common pathway.The clotting factor that triggers the transition from both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways to the common pathway is:
A. Factor 1
B. Factor X
C. Factor V
D. Factor XIII
19. The heart functions as a physiologic pump because its tissue can be excited by electrical impulses, which lead to muscle contraction. This produces the cardiac cycle which includes the following EXCEPT:
A. The P wave precedes atrial systole
B. Ventricular diastole precedes the QRS complex
C. Ventricular systole follows the QRS complex
D. The T wave represents depolarization of the atria producing atrial diastole
E. The P wave occurs during ventricular diastole
20. For blood to deliver nutrients and reabsorb waste products, filtration occurs through the capillary beds. For net filtration to take place:
A. The capillary hydrostatic pressure must be greater than the sum of the blood colloidal osmotic pressure and the interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
B. The blood colloidal osmotic pressure must be greater than the sum of the capillary hydrostatic pressure and the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
C. The capillary hydrostatic pressure must be equal to the blood colloidal osmotic pressure (about 25mmHg)
D. The net filtration pressure must be negative.
Explanation / Answer
13. B. Transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs at the ribosomes
The process of protein synthesis starts in the nucleus and ends in the cytoplasm. DNA stores the information about proteins, but the process of protein synthesis needs three types of RNA (ribonucleic acid), messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which translate the DNA’s information to form proteins. The two important steps in protein synthesis are “transcription and translation.”
During protein synthesis, mRNA is synthesised under the direction of DNA. The message carried by the DNA is read by the mRNA, this process is called “transcription,” it takes place in the nucleus. This mRNA then carries the information to the tRNA and rRNA, which translate the genetic code into proteins, this process is called “translation” and this takes place in the cytoplasm (ribosomes).
14. C. Hemidesmosomes of the anchoring junctions
15. B. Osteoclast
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