1. Chronic pericarditis a. leads to fibrous thickening of the endocardium b. inc
ID: 71321 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Chronic pericarditis
a. leads to fibrous thickening of the endocardium
b. increases movement of the myocardium
c, restricts diastolic filling
d. none of the above
2Which of the following symptoms characterizes acute pericarditis?
a.coughing
b.substernal pain
c. pain radiating to neck
d. all of the above
3Cardiac Tamponade
a. Is a medical emergency
b. is caused by excess fluid collection in the pericardial sac that interferes with heart filling
c. interferes with heart function
d. all of the above
4Which of the following is a sign of pericarditis?
a. JVD with clear lungs
b. decreased CVP
c.Widened pulse pressure
d. increased cardiac output
5A client has been diagnosed with pericarditis. Which of the following positions are used for client comfort?
a. high Fowler's
b. sitting
c. side-lying
d. all of the above
6If pericarditis is caused by uremia, which of the following treatments is used?
a. anti-inflammatories
b. anti-infectives
c. dialysis
d. none of the above
7Pericardiocentesis
a. is the aspiration of fluid from the pericardial sac to determine cause
b. is the aspiration of fluid from the pericardial sac tp relieve tamponade
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
8Which of the following is required for the diagnosis of primary hypertension ?
a. Systolic pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHG
b. diastolic pressure greater than of equal top 90 mmHG
c. three or more readings done on separate occasions
d.all of the above
9Primary hypertension is also referred to as
a. essential hypertension
b. renal hypertension
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
10Which of the following is a risk factor associated with essential hypertension ?
a. inactivity
b. alcohol intake
c. decreased potassium intake
d. none of the above
11. A client has a blood pressure reading of 145/93. Which of the following stages include this blood pressure reading ?
a. stage 1
b. stage 2
c. stage 3
d. none of the above
12A client has a blood pressure reading of 170/110. Which of the following stages includes this blood pressure?
a. stage 1
b, stage 2
c. stage 3
d. none of the above
13. A hypertensive crisis is characterized by which of the following blood pressure readings?
a/ 150/90
b. 180/120
c. 160/100
d. 140/90
14. A client is being treated in the emergency room in hypertensive crisis. How soon must this client receive treatment in order to prevent cardiac, renal or vascular damage?
a. 3 hours
b. 24 hours
c. 1 hour
d. 2 days
15. Which of the following is (are) sign(s) of hypertensive crisis?
a. blurred vision
b. headache
c. papilledema
d.all of the above
16. Which of the following drugs is not used to treat hypertension?
a, thiazide diuretics
b. ACE inhibitors
c. beta blockers
d. all of the above
17. When treating hypertensive crisis
a. the blood pressure should be lowered as quickly as possible
b. vasodilators should be administered IM
c. Blood pressure should be reduced no more than 25 percent in mimutes to one hour
d. blood pressure should be checked every eight hours during treatment
Which of the following is a lifestyle modification used to treat hypertension?
a, sodium restriction
'b. weight reduction
c. exercise
d. all of the above
18. The DASH ( dietary approaches to stop hyertension) diet includes prescribed number of servings of which of the following foods?
a. vegetables
b. fruits
c. nonfat dairy foods
d. all of the above
19. When taking vasodilators
a. stand up slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension
b. avoid hot baths within 1 hour of taking the drug
c. avoid strenuous exercise within within 1 hour of taking drug
d.none of the above
20. Arterial Embolism usually develop in the heart from which of the following?
a. atrial fibrillation
b. MI
c. HF
d. all of the above
21. Arterila embolism may progress to
a, necrosis within days if not treated
b. gangrene within days if not treated
c. gangrene within hours if not treated
d. none of the above
22. Which of the following is not one of the six "P"'s associated with teheassessment for arterial embolism ?
a. pulselessness
b. pain
c. purple color skin
d. paralysis
23. Which of the folowing is not included in the therapeutic management of arterial embolism?
a. assess peripheral pulses every 2-4 hours
b. assess pain level
c. monitor lab values ( INR)
d. Change clint's position every 4 hours
24Buerger's disease is characterized by
a. inflammatory disease of large arteries
b. inflammatory disease of small and medium veins only
c. inflammatory disease of small and medium arteries and veisn
d, none of the above .
25. Buerger's disease most commonly occurs in which of the following areas?
a. arms
b. leg
c. hand
d. neck
26. Buerger's disease occurs most often in
a. young men who are heavy smokers
b. older men who are heavy smokers
c. young women who are heavy smokers
d. none of the above
27. Buerger's disease will eventually
a. obstruct blood flow
b. reduce vasospasm
c. form very large thrombi
d. none of the above
28. Which the the following assessments is not associated with Buerger's disease?
a. bluish cast to a toe or finger
b. ischemic ulcers
c.intermittent claudication
d. pain during movement only
29. Medication therapy used in the treatment of Beurger's disease includes which of the following?
a. Trental to decrease blood viscosity
b. verapamil to reuce spasm
c. Erythropoietin
d. none of the above
30. The surgical approach to the treatment of Buerger's disease included which of the following ?
a. sympathectomy
b. arterial bypass grafting
c. both a and b
d.none of the above
31. Raynaud's disease affects
a.mostly men
b.mostly young women
c. mostly children
d. none of the above
32. Vasospastic attacks associated with Raynaud's disease
a. tend to be unilateral
b. tend to be asymmetrical
c. usually begin at the tips of digits , causing pallor, numbness and the sensation of cold
d. none of the above
33. Which of the following signs/symptoms are associated with RAynaud's disease?
a. classic triphasic color changes( pallor, cyanosis. and rubor) in hands with accompanying reduction in skin temperature
b. intensity of pain decreases as disease progresses
c. skin of fingertips may thicken and nails may become brittle
d. both a and c
34. Which of the following is not included in the therapeutic management of Raynaud's disease?
a. keep hands warm
b. avois stressful situations
c. sympathectomy
d. dopamine
35. The most common location of an aortic aneurysm is which of the following?
a. below the level of the renal arteries
b. above the level of the renal arteries
c. above the carotid arteries
d.none of the above
36. Which of the following is the major risk factor associated with aortic aneurysms?
a. injury to the arterial wall
b. atherosclerosis
c. cigarette smoking
d. none of the above
37. Which the following assessments is associated with Raynaud's disease?
a. pallor, sweating and tachycardia
b. elevated blood pressure that may be different in one arm than other
c. possible syncope
d. all of the above
38. Which of the following is included in the therapeutic management of aoric aneurysm?
a.antihypertensives
b. diuretics
c. aortography
d. all of the above
39. Virchow's triad include which of the following?
a. stasis of venous flow
b. damage of inner lining of vein
c. hypercoagulability of blood
d. all of the above
40. Which of the following is not an assessment associated with Thrombophlebitis ?
a. nonpalpable , firm, subcutaneous cordlike vein
b. surrounding area that is warm, red, tender to touch
c. unilateral edema
d. none of the above
41. The most common cause of thromophlebitis is the arm is which of the following?
a,IV therapy
b. varicose veins
c. impaired blood flow
d. none of the above
42. The most common cause of thrombophlebitis in the legs is which of the following ?
a. decreased blood flow
b. increased blood flow
c. varicose veins
d. none of the above
43. Homan's sign
a. involves pain on dorsiflexion of foot
b. pain on plantar flexion of foot
c. either a or b
d. none of the above
44. Which of the following is not included in the therapeutic management of thrombophlebitis?
a. Strict bedrest
b. avoidance of restrictive clothing
c. elevate leg higher than heart
d. all of the above
45. Risk factors associated with veonous insufficiency include which of the following
a. prologed sitting
b. prolonged standing
c.pregnancy
d. all of the above
46. Which of the following assessments are associated with venous insufficieny?
a. thick, brown skin around the ankle and feet
b. edema of lower leg may extend to knee
c. stasis ulcers
d.all of the above
47. Which of the following is not included in the therapeutic management of venous insufficiency?
a. never push hosiery around leg.......will further impair circulation
b. apply compression hose before getting out of bed and placing leg in a dependent position
c. client should sleep in support hose at night
d. bedrest with legs elevated above heart levels
Explanation / Answer
Ans-1) c , 2-)d, 3-) d, 4-) , 7-) c , 8-) d , 9-) a , 10-) a, 11-) a , 12-) b , 13-) b, 14-) c , 15-) d
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