1. China a. In 1800 China had over one-third of the world\'s population, and a p
ID: 1121046 • Letter: 1
Question
1. China a. In 1800 China had over one-third of the world's population, and a per capita level of consumption perhaps as high as 2/3 of Western developed economies. At the end of the next (19th) century per capita income was around 1/7 of western countries, which by that time included Japan. What happened to China? b. In the twentieth century dynastic rule ended and following a period of "warlordism" two conflicts resolved until 1949; and a growing threat of subjection by Japan which resulted in war anc occupation until 1945. Discuss and evaluate the economic policies implemented by Mao Se emerged: in 1927 a clash between Chinese nationalists and communists which was not dong until his death in 1976. c. After a brief period of political turmoil, Deng Xiaoping- an early comrade of Mao-took over as Communist Party Chairman in 1978, and began shortly thereafter to move towards a market economy". What were the main policies resulting from this major re-orientation, and assess how well it has achieved these goals? What are the principal issues facing the regime going forward? "socialExplanation / Answer
1. Decline in China's economy in the 19th century was mainly because of the destruction of the agricultural land of China because of the Taiping rebellion and the Opium Wars. Apart from this China also became weak economically because of the rapid surge in the growth of the western nations beacuse of the prevalent industrial revolution. The communist convulsions and the cicil wars further devastated the Chinese economy. Furthermore, China's economy was a very closed form of economy with trade restricted to self contained zones for trade.The coastal regions of China became wealthier whereas the interiors remained poor contributing to an increased income disparity.
2. Mao Sedong followed a three fold policy with an aim to revive China's economy. These three objectives were to expel the foreigners, decrease the income disparity between the coastal regions and the interior regions and finally to recentralize China. His aim was to convert China from an agrarian society to a socialist economy through collective measures and industrialization. Private farming was banned and rural industrialization was emphasised by means of putting several types of restrictions on the rural people. Mao's policies were more of a politica resort rather than the technical resorts. His idea was to promote collectivization by replicating the USSR's model of 'Third period' and giving rise to People's communes. As a part of industrialization, major focus was given on increasing investment in grain and steel production.
3. Dao Xiaoping's policies were extremely successful in increasing the wealth of the Chinese economy. He made first major reforms in the agriculture sector by decollectivizing agriculture and setting a precendent for privatization in the rest of the Chinese economy. Dual price system was introduced in the urban industry to increase the productivity. Dual price system was aimed at helping the citizens in avoiding the Maoit era shortage by introducing plan and market prices. He opened the chinese economy to foreign investors and specific geographical regions called special economic zones were created to boost the Chinese economy and facilitate its entry into the international trade market. Further, state control was decentralized leading to further increase in the growth rate of the Chinese economy.
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